I think that your criteria is matched almost perfectly by a hike from Mono Meadows to Lower Ottoway Lake. It's a total of about 32 miles, and you can camp the first day along Illilouette Creek, which has a ton of small trout--up to about ten inches. Then the second day you can camp at Lower Ottoway, where the trout are just as hungry, and larger (up to 14+ inches).
Stunning views, as well. This is a shot of the lake at sunset===notice the fish ring disrupting the reflection

Avoid Merced Pass Lake, if you are interested in fishing---it has no fish.
Hope that helps. There is a trip report in the destination section of our website for this hike---it should answer any other questions you have...