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Guide to Yosemite (1920) by Ansel F. Hall

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• Title page
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• Introductionr
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  • Aeroplane View of Yosemite Valleyr
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• Contents
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• The Yosemite Region
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• Yosemite Valley
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• Yosemite Villager
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  • Map of Yosemite Villager
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• Yosemite Roads
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• Yosemite Trails
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• Map of Yosemite Valley and Adjacent Region
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About the Author

r See biographical sketch about Ansel F. Hall.r

Bibliographical Information

r Hall, Ansel Franklin (1894-1962)r Guide to Yosemite: a handbook of the trails and roads of Yosemite valley and the adjacent regionr (San Francisco: Sunset Publishing House, 1920).r Copyright 1920 by Ansel F. Hall.r LCCN 20014451.r 98 pages. Maps. 16 cm. Bound in brown paper wrappers.r Library of Congress call number F868.Y6 H17.r

r Converted to HTML by Dan Anderson, August 2009,r from a copy owned and scanned by Scott Tipton.r These files may be used for any non-commercial purpose,r provided this notice is left intact.r
r     —Dan Anderson, www.yosemite.ca.usr

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r GUIDEr
r TO YOSEMITEr

r A HANDBOOKr
r OF THE TRAILS AND ROADS OF YOSEMITEr
r VALLEY AND THE ADJACENTr
r REGIONr

r r r

r byr
r ANSEL F. HALLr
r U. S. NATIONAL PARK SERVICEr
r IN CHARGE OF INFORMATIONr
r YOSEMITE NATIONAL PARKr

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Guide to Yosemite (1920) by Ansel F. Hall

INTRODUCTION

r r r r r [click to enlarge]r r r r [Editor’s note: Map drawn by Herbert Maier—dea]r

Introduction

r Thisr Guide and Trail Companion was broughtr about by thousands of requests for practicalr information concerning the many short excursionsr from Yosemite. Besides briefly describing Yosemiter Valley, its scenic features, and the immediatelyr adjacent portion of the Sierra, detailed informationr has been introduced concerning each trail and roadr in the region. These are described just as they arer actually followed, and attention is called to eachr point of interest just as it is discovered during ther trip itself. As far as possible, complete data has beenr introduced on condition of trails, time required tor make the trips, fishing, camp sites, forage conditions,r etc., in short all kinds of information which wouldr be demanded of a hired guide.r

r The original draft of this Handbook was preparedr in collaboration with Forest S.Townsley, Chief Rangerr of Yosemite National Park. Later, each of the Parkr Rangers suggested valuable additions, and severalr members of the Sierra Club contributed bits of valuable information. The author has freely consultedr old books and pamphlets in the Bancroft Historicalr Library at the University of California and has included several points of historical interest.r

r Acknowledgment is also due to Mr. Herbert Maierr for the drawings and maps here reproduced and tor the United States Geological Survey for permissionr to reproduce a portion of the “Administrative Mapr of Yosemite National Park.”r

r Suggestions as to additions or corrections whichr would make this booklet more useful to the publicr would be greatly appreciated and should be addressedr to the author, care of United States National Parkr Service, Yosemite. California.r

r COPYRIGHT 1920r
r byr
r ANSEL F. HALLr

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Guide to Yosemite (1920) by Ansel F. Hall

CONTENTS

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Guide to Yosemite (1920) by Ansel F. Hall

THE YOSEMITE REGION

r “By far the grandest of the western ranges isr the Sierra Nevada, a long and massive uplift lyingr between the arid deserts of the Great Basin andr the Californian exuberance of grain-fields andr orchards; its eastern slope, a defiant wall of rockr plunging abruptly down to the plain; the western,r a long, dry sweep, well watered and overgrownr with cool, stately forests; its crest a line of sharp,r snowy peaks springing into the sky and catchingr the alpenglow long after the sun has set for allr the rest of America.”*r

r About midway between the north and south endsr of this “Snowy Range” and extending from the ragged summits of its eastern edge to the semi-aridr foothills at the west, lies Yosemite National Park,r 1125 square miles of incomparable scenic beauty.r

r Yosemite Valley, contrary to most peoples’r preconceived idea, lies fully 25 miles west ofr the Sierra crest. It is countersunk 4000 feetr into the granite of the gently inclined plateau,r which above its rim averages from 7000 to 8000r feet in elevation. The characteristics of thisr region immediately adjacent to Yosemite Valleyr are different from those of the High Sierra to ther east. Very little of it is above the timber-line,r as the dominating summits—Mount Hoffmanr (10,921) at the north, Clouds Rest (9924) at ther east, Mount Starr King (9179) at the southeast,r and Horse Ridge (9600) at the south—averager less than 10,000 feet in altitude. The magnificentr forests with which the slopes are clothed arer interspersed with perfectly formed granite domes,r with meadows and wildflower gardens, withr polished granite pavements, and with innumerable manifestations of Nature which give ther trails of the region an ever-changing charm.r

r ______
r *From “Mountaineering in the Sierra Nevada,” by Charles King.r

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Guide to Yosemite (1920) by Ansel F. Hall

YOSEMITE VALLEY

r Bisecting this district from east to west is ther great trough of Yosemite Valley, its bottomr gouged down more than half way to sea level.r The same type of geological architecture is exemplified by the Hetch Hetchy a few miles to ther north and by the canyons of the San Joaquin,r Kings and Kern to the south. In none of these,r however, are magnitude, beauty and accessibilityr so ideally combined as in Yosemite.r

ORIGIN

r As to the origin of these valleys, and of Yosemiter in particular, there is still some discussion amongr scientists. Whitney’s old theory of a great cataclysm and the sinking of a small block of ther earth’s crust has been entirely displaced, andr geologists are now seeking to determine if glaciersr have been solely responsible for the present landscape or whether ice and water worked hand inr hand. A good summary of the various theoriesr of geological history, as well as a popular discussion of all the geological phenomena of ther region, is contained in the “Sketch of Yosemiter National Park and an Account of the Origin ofr Yosemite and Hetch Hetchy Valleys,” by Dr. F.r E. Matthes of the U. S. Geological Survey. Thisr government publication may be obtained inr Yosemite at the office of the Superintendent forr ten cents.r

EARLY HISTORY

r Yosemite Valley remained undiscovered byr white men until in 1850 marauding Indian bandsr from the mountains raided several foothill trading posts. In retaliation the “Mariposa Battalion” was organized to subdue these mountainr tribes and force them into a large reservation inr r r the San Joaquin Valley. The last to be conquered and the most warlike were the Yosemitesr living in fancied security in their stronghold, ther deep grassy valley of “Awahnee.” It was inr pursuit of this tribe that the members of the Mariposa Battalion first entered Yosemite on Marchr 21, 1851. The story of the one-sided campaignsr which extended over two summers is well toldr by Dr. W. L. Bunnell, the surgeon of the party,r in hisr “Discovery of the Yosemite and the Indianr War of 1851” (4th Edition, 1911, G. W. Gerlicher, Los Angeles).r

r Anr excellent summary of the early history ofr Yosemite Valley has recently been published as ar Park Service bulletin and may be obtained free atr the government information bureau in Yosemite.r

GENERAL FEATURES OF THE VALLEY

r All points of scenic interest are indicated inr the road and trail trips, but the following briefr discussion of the major features of the valleyr may serve to orient the new-comer. In this connection the aeroplane-view frontispiece will ber found exceedingly useful.r

r First and most impressive are the great rockr masses. The square-cut 3200-foot cliff of Elr Capitan at the Gates of the Valley is regardedr by many as the most awe-inspiring of all greatr rocks; yet others affirm that Half Dome, a fewr miles eastward, is just as mighty and far morer lovable.r

r The castellated Cathedral Rocks rising half tor two-thirds as high as El Capitan on the oppositer side of the valley are dwarfed in comparison, butr are given an individual personality by theirr exceptional outline. Just eastward, the marvelously delicate pinnacles of the Cathedralr Spires, each towering over 500 feet from its base,r r r r stand out from the great south wall. Less interesting but very mighty are the Three Brothers,r rising 3800 feet as a great buttress of the northr wall. Opposite them the Sentinel Rock, a huger obelisk-like watch tower, guards the southr ramparts.r

r At the upper end of the valley the dome formation is dominant. To the north are the roundedr summits of North Dome, Basket Dome andr Mount Watkins. The granite walls below themr have fractured in great concentric arcs, formingr the marvelously symmetrical Royal Arches, atr the east end of which is the striking verticalr promontory of Washington Column. At ther edge of the perpendicular cliffs of the south wallr is Glacier Point, the finest lookout point in ther valley, and a short distance back from the rimr are the symmetrical curves of Sentinel Dome.r

r Yosemite Valley is formed by the confluencer of two great canyons—Tenaya Canyon from ther northeast and the upper Merced Canyon fromr the southeast. Between them originates a greatr backbone ridge which extends many miles to ther northeast and exhibits many examples of domer structure and glacial sculpture. Lowest of itsr promontories is the roughly hewn Grizzly Peak,r which is flanked on the east by the well roundedr summits and smoothly planed sides of Mountr Broderick and Liberty Cap. Then, standing inr massive isolation 5000 feet above the valley andr 2000 feet above its immediate base is Half Dome.r Further to the northeast along the ridge are ther two Quarter Domes, the Pinnacles and Cloudsr Rest, the highest summit in the immediate vicinity of Yosemite.r

r Tenaya Canyon, a great glaciated gorge countersunk thousands of feet into the granite, isr practically impassable. The main canyon of ther r r Merced, however, as it comes from the east,r widens to form the Little Yosemite Valley. Withr its level meadows and sheer granite walls flankedr by perfectly formed domes, it is marvelously liker Yosemite but smaller. Further eastward is ther High Sierra.r

THE WATERFALLS

r There are five great waterfalls in Yosemiter and a number of lesser ones which would ber world-famous were it not for the comparison.r During the flood waters of spring they are at ther height of their beauty, amplifying the livingr landscape by their many columns and boomingr power. Later, as the snow fountains of the highr places are gradually depleted, they take on ar more filmy gracefulness but are lacking in exuberant impressiveness.r

r Three of the five falls, the Bridalveil, Yosemiter and Illilouette, leap from hanging valleys intor the main canyon. All of the minor falls are ofr the same type. Vernal and Nevada Falls, on ther other hand, are formed by the entire Mercedr River pouring over great steps in the mightyr box canyon at the east end of the valley.r

r First seen and most graceful is the Bridalveil,r dropping daintily 620 feet at the right portal ofr the great valley gate. Well may we wonder howr this charming fall with its exquisite rainbowsr came to be called Pohono or “spirit of the evilr wind” by the Indians.r

r Most famous of all, the highest fall in Yosemiter and in all the world, is the Yosemite. Its firstr sheer plunge of 1430 feet would set it apart as ther greatest of its kind, but by a series of six quickr jumps it descends another 800 feet to the brinkr of the final precipice, over which it leaps gracefullyr 320 feet to the valley floor. Seen from below,r r r the 2600-foot drop often appears as one fall,r though in reality the Upper Fall is fully one-third of a mile back of the lower. In winter ar great ice cone, sometimes 500 feet high, formsr beneath this Upper Fall, and its collapse causesr riotous ice-floods in early spring. “Choolook,”r which in Yosemite dialect meant simply “the fall,”r has a most changing personality. In late summerr and autumn he loses much of his springtimer power and obeys every whim of the ever-changingr winds. But the most delightful of all his moodsr may be seen during the time of the full moonr when the foot of the Lower Fall is veiled by ther delicate iridescence of lunar rainbows.r

r From the western edge of Panorama Cliff ther lace-like Illilouette Falls disappears into its boxr canyon east of Glacier Point. The filmy character of its 370-foot foam-curtain is almost neverr appreciated because of the lack of a proper viewpoint. The old Indian name Too-tool-a-we-ackr sought to reproduce the sound of gurgling andr falling water.r

r Vernal and Nevada pour over the rims of twor successive glacial amphitheatres in the main canyon of the Merced. Both carry a great volumer of water and are much less variable than ther mural falls.r

r Vernal, dropping 317 feet in a wide and unbroken sheet, has often been pronounced ther symmetrically perfect of all falls. Its foot isr always bathed in blowing mists which give riser to most exquisite circular rainbows. Referringr to the spray, the Yosemites called the fall Yan-o-pah or “little water cloud.”r

r Nevada, widely tossing out its spray-rockets,r gives a vast impression of power which is probablyr nowhere equaled except in the Grand Canyon ofr r r the Tuolumne. In its descent of 594 feet itr strikes a projecting ledge, which caused ther Indians to name it Yo-wy-we or “twisting rock.”r

r There is yet another great fall in the Yosemiter region, but concerning it little is known. It isr so inaccessible in the mighty Tenaya Canyonr that it is even nameless, and no one has everr reached its base. Seen from afar pouring over ar rounded precipice in the canyon bottom it appearsr to be between 600 and 1000 feet in height.r

r The minor falls are very beautiful in earlyr spring but all are ephemeral, blooming delightfully with the melting of snows, but dying inr summer. Largest and best known are the Cascader Falls, which drop 594 feet over the north wall ofr the lower Merced Canyon and form one of ther chief objects of interest in the ride from El Portalr to Yosemite. Ribbon Fall, highest of all, descendsr delicately in one 1612-foot leap into a recess justr west of El Capitan. From the rugged south wallr Widow’s Tears pours 1170 feet to the rock talus.r Just west of Sentinel Rock is a series of picturesque cascades which, in spring, are dignified byr the name of Sentinel Falls. Royal Arch Fall isr one of the most beautiful but most ephemeralr of the small falls. During sudden rainstorms orr usually rapid thaws, supplementary falls pourr into the valley over many of its ramparts. Johnr Muir describes the storm of 1871 in which fifty-six such cataracts appeared in the upper end ofr Yosemite Valley.r

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Guide to Yosemite (1920) by Ansel F. Hall

YOSEMITE VILLAGE

r On the banks of the Merced where once stoodr Haw-kaw-koo'-e-tah, the home of the Yo-ham'-i-ter tribe, is Yosemite Village. The accompanyingr map, drawn May 1, 1920, indicates all places ofr public interest, but on account of contemplatedr building activities several changes may be expected within the next few seasons. Yosemiter has recently been granted a second-class postoffice with branches at Camp Curry and Yosemiter Lodge and with free delivery service to camps onr the valley floor.r

r At the U. S. National Park Service Administrative Building are the offices of the Park Superintendent, Chief Ranger and other executiver officers. In front of the building is a free information bureau with a park ranger in charge. Government maps and bulletins may here be obtained free or at a very nominal cost. Adjacentr is a motorists’ information bureau maintainedr by the California State Automobile Association.r At the left entrance is the telegraph and telephone office maintained by the government.r The Yosemite Museum, which contains manyr excellent exhibits of the flora and fauna of ther region is temporarily housed in this building.r

r Hotel accommodations in Yosemite Valleyr are limited to one hotel and two large hotel-camps. The Sentinel Hotel in Yosemite Village,r though offering good service and a splendidr cuisine, has been outgrown and will soon be superseded by a very much larger and more modernr building.r

r Camp Curry, a large hotel-camp about oner mile east of the village on the road to Happyr Isles, is delightfully situated beneath Glacierr Point, an ideal spot from which to view ther r r r

r r r r r [click to enlarge]r r r

r Yosemite Lodge, formerly called Yosemiter Camp, is the other large hotel-camp, and isr located one-half mile north of Yosemite Villager near the azalia-bordered Yosemite Creek. Itr offers most attractive views of Yosemite Fallsr and is well maintained by the Yosemite Nationalr Park Company.r

r At the rim of the valley is Glacier Point Hotelr with every modern convenience, and an unsurpassable view of Yosemite and the High Sierra.r Lodges are maintained at the Mariposa Grover of Big Trees and at Lake Tenaya and Mercedr Lake in the High Sierra.r

r The general store is adequately stocked to supply the tourist and camper with all his needs—r supplies, clothing, sporting goods, drugs, etc.r The Housekeeping Camps Department suppliesr all kinds of camping or outing equipment at veryr reasonable rates. Opposite the store is the bakeryr and creamery, and the meat market.r

r During the season of 1920 the general garager will be moved from its location near Yosemiter Lodge to a point just southeast of the newr Rangers’ Club House. A large free storage garager is maintained by Camp Curry. Gasoline and oilsr may be obtained at several service stations onr the floor of the valley and at a few outposts onr the park roads.r

r The Government Pavilion, on the banks of ther Merced near the center of the village, is a socialr center for dances, lectures, moving pictures, etc.r There is also an excellent entertainment andr dance hall at Camp Curry.r

r Religious services are held in Yosemite Chapelr which faces the postoffice.r

r In the village are four studios, two of themr doing photographic work exclusively, and ther other two specializing in oils and water-colors.r Studios are also maintained at Yosemite Lodger and Camp Curry.r

r There are two large swimming tanks, one atr Yosemite Lodge and one at Camp Curry. Bothr are open to the general public.r

r Between the village and Camp Curry is ther picturesque Le Conte Memorial Lodge, which isr sustained by the Sierra Club. The Yosemiter Library is housed here and hundreds of photographs, flower specimens, maps, etc., make ther building a favorite of the thousands of visitors.r Each year the Extension Division of the University of California arranges a series of “Ler Conte Memorial Lectures,” which are here delivered. They are exceptionally interesting andr all well attended, for in them the most eminentr scientific authorities interpret the natural history, folklore, geology and other subjects exemplified by the Yosemite region.r

r North of the Merced and about a third of a miler from the center of the village is the schoolhouser and a group of other government buildings. Oner of these is the menagerie and contains several wildr animals captured in the region. The chief exhibits are a pair of California mountain lions,r and a number of bear. In this vicinity is also ther quaint old Yosemite Cemetery, where rest manyr of the pioneers of the early days.r

r Near Yosemite Lodge is the Yosemite Hospitalr with a competent physician and surgeon in charge.r During part of the season a dentist is also inr attendance.r

r About twenty camp grounds have been prepared for the free use of the public by the Parkr Service. Water is piped to these localities and ar sanitation system provided for. Applications forr camp sites should be made at the National Parkr Service office in Yosemite Village. Those withoutr outfits, who desire to establish camps, may arrange at the Housekeeping Camps Departmentr of the Yosemite National Park Company (atr Camp 17, a quarter mile east of Sentinel Bridger and north of the river) to rent all necessary equipment. This will be delivered and set up readyr for occupancy. It is advisable to arrange in advance for the outfit desired.r

r An auto-bus service (fare 10c and 25c) to allr points on the valley floor provides a quick andr convenient means of transportation. All mainr roads are paralleled by trails for the use ofr pedestrians.r

r Information as to the hiring of horses and automobiles, arrangements for camping tours, andr about many other items of general interest, is contained in the “Circular of General Informationr regarding Yosemite National Park,” which mayr be obtained free at any of the government information bureaus.r

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Guide to Yosemite (1920) by Ansel F. Hall

YOSEMITE ROADS

r The roads of Yosemite have just passed theirr initial stage of development. Most of the 138r miles of road in the park were built for old-timer stage coaches and for horse travel. With ther advent of the motor has come a second period—thatr of reconstruction and improvement. Ther highway from El Portal to Yosemite and the roadsr on the floor of the valley illustrate the type ofr present-day construction; but it must be remembered with indulgence that such roads are justr beginning to be, and that most of the park routes,r although not at all bad, are yet mountain roads.r

r Let us assume that the motorist is now in Yosemite. Besides the routes to the low country,r the following scenic trips may be taken withinr the park:r

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1. A Tour of the Valley.
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2. El Portal and return.
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3. Glacier Point.
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4. The Mariposa Big Trees.
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5. Tuolumne Big Trees.
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6. Hetch Hetchy.
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7. Lake Tenaya and the High Sierra route tor Mono Lake and Tahoe.
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r Each of these (except number four) is describedr in the following road trips.r r r r

r ROAD TRIP Ir
r EL PORTAL TO YOSEMITE via ELr CAPITAN ROADr

r (15 miles—1 1/4 hours by stage)r

r Most charming because of the climax of ever-increasing scenic beauty and grandeur, is ther fifteen-mile ride from El Portal up the gorge ofr the Merced to Yosemite. It is rather to be regretted that modern auto-busses hurry us overr the new highway in less than an hour and a half,r giving us scarce time to appreciate the majestyr and beauty of the ever-changing panorama.r

r Leaving El Portal, the road parallels the northr bank of the Merced, passing beneath gnarled oaksr and silver-gray digger pines. In the high water ofr early spring, Indian Creek, across the canyon,r descends over the picturesque Chinquapin Falls.r Entering the gateway of Yosemite National Park,r we follow up the riotous Merced River, notingr here and there a hardy yellow pine or an incenser cedar venturing down to the canyon bottom.r About two miles inside the park is Avalanche Fallsr across the river. The trail bridge below isr the crossing of the Sunset Trail, which ascendsr past the foot of the fall and climbs 2500 feet tor the Wawona Road. A short distance up the canyon the road passes beneath Arch Rock, ar natural tunnel formed by huge blocks of granite.r Just beyond, Grouse Creek descends the southr canyon wall by a series of cascades.r

r We have now entered the true mountain forest,r and ride beneath yellow pines, incense cedars,r Douglas firs and now and then a true fir.r Elephant Rock towers above and to the right. Justr below it is Battleship Harbor, a placid stretchr of the Merced in which fancied granite dread-naughtsr r r ride anchor. At the left the old Coulterville Roadr steeply descends the canyon wall andr joins the main highway. This first road to Yosemite was opened in 1874 and was for years ther main stage route from Merced. For the benefit ofr those who require entertainment the chauffeur oftenr points out the image of a white Persian cat on ther rock wall to the left. A short distance beyond andr on the same side of the road are Wildcat Falls.r

r Crossing two small bridges we obtain the bestr view of Elephant Rock down the canyon. At ther left are the Cascade Falls, during the flood-waters of early spring one of Yosemite’s mostr beautiful cataracts. The top of the cascade isr 594 feet above the road. About a half mile furtherr is Pulpit Rock, on the south side of the river.r It is best viewed by driving beyond and then looking back down the canyon. Below the road andr at the right is the government power plant, wherer the water from the Merced drives two thousand-kilowatt electric generators. The intake andr dam are passed further up the canyon.r

r Three thousand feet above, the ephemeral Widow’s Tears Fall drops 1170 feet from the ruggedr ramparts of the south wall. Another mile takes usr past the site of the old Indian village Ah-wah-mar to Pohono Bridge. From this point two roadsr ascend the valley, one on either side of the river.r The more picturesque Pohono Road runs up ther south side of the canyon. This is described inr Road Trip I-A. The El Capitan Road, followingr up the north side of the valley will first be traced.r A short distance from the bridge we are treatedr to a most impressive view of the Gates of the Valley.r At the left the sheer 3300-foot precipicer of El Capitan dominates the entire landscape.r Its majesty is matched by the beauty of ther Bridalveil Fall and Cathedral Rocks opposite.r r r Between them is Nature’s threshold, the brilliantly verdantr Bridalveil Meadows, dotted withr dark green pines and oaks. Beyond, Half Domer is partly hidden by the projecting cliff of Glacier Pointr at the right. The summit of the lofty barer granite ridge in the distance is Clouds Rest, ther highest point on the Yosemite walls. If ther winter snows be still melting above the rim wer will see at the left the Ribbon Fall droppingr delicately over its 1612-foot precipice into ar recess just west of El Capitan. Its Indianr name was Lung-oo-too-koo-ya, or “pigeon fall.”r Near its base the Big Oak Flat Road branchesr to the left and ascends thru the piles of shatteredr granite talus of the north wall. At this pointr was the Indian village, Hep-hep'-oo-ma. Ther road to the right leads past the El Capitan Checking Stationr and across El Capitan Bridge to ther Bridalveil Road (Road Trip I-A) south of the river.r Continuing up the north road we pass thrur El Capitan Meadows, where were the Indian villages ofr Aw'-o-koi-e, He-le'-jah, Ha-eng'-ah andr Yu-a'-chah. As we skirt the base of the almostr vertical wall, the stage driver will generallyr point out more or less interesting images. Chiefr among these is Tote-ack-ah-noo-la, the “Rockr Chief” of the Indians, whose title was translatedr into Spanish to make the present name. In ar shallow niche 1189 feet above the road stands ar hardy Jeffrey pine 82.4 feet in height and two feetr in diameter. Across the river are the massiver Cathedral Rocks and the delicately pinnacledr Cathedral Spires. Further up the canyon ther massively sculptured pyramids, the Three Brothers,r rise abruptly to the north. Opposite themr the road to the Bear Pits turns into the woods.r Turning northeast, our road passes Rocky Pointr at their base. This is We-äck, the place wherer Chief Tenaya’s three sons were captured in 1851.r

r r One mile beyond is Yosemite Lodge, one of ther two large hotel-camps of the valley. The mainr buildings occupy the site of Koom-i'-ne, the largestr and most important of the old Indian villages.r Just northward the Yosemite Fall makes itsr triple plunge of 2600 feet, the highest waterfallr in the world. The upper fall drops 1430 feetr sheer. Crossing the azalia-bordered Yosemite Creek,r the road skirts a wide meadow and turnsr sharply across the valley. To the left is a magnificentr panorama of the Royal Arches, North Dome, Washington Columnr and the precipicer of Glacier Point. At the right the great obeliskr of The Sentinel rises from the south wall.r

r Crossing Sentinel Bridge to Yosemite Villager we halt at the Sentinel Hotel which, with ther cottages opposite, occupies the site of the old Indian villager Haw-kaw-koo'-e-tah, the home of ther band called Yo-ham'-i-te, for whom the valley wasr named. A short distance beyond is the office ofr the U. S. National Park Service, where all campersr should stop and register.r

r We continue up the canyon, now paralleling ther south river margin thru a beautiful pine, fir andr cedar forest. Thru the trees we now and thenr catch a glimpse of the Quarter Domes beyondr the dominating Half Dome, and finally the summitr of Clouds Rest. Three-quarters of a miler from the village is the picturesque Sierra Club Lodger at the right of the road. A short distancer further is Camp Curry, delightfully situatedr among the giant pines and cedars at the base ofr the towering cliff of Glacier Point. At this spotr was the large Indian village of Too-yu'-yu'-yu, andr a short distance to the northeast in the meadowr was Too-lah'-kah'-mah. This famous hostelry,r Camp Curry, is the final destination of all stages.r The road continues up the canyon to Happy Isles.r r r r

r ROAD TRIP I-Ar
r POHONO BRIDGE TO YOSEMITEr via BRIDALVEIL ROADr

r (5 miles—20 minutes by stage)r

r The Bridalveil Road, ascending the south sider of the valley, is scenically superior to the north, orr El Capitan Road. Crossing Pohono Bridge to ther south side of the Merced the road immediatelyr enters a dense and beautiful forest. A short distancer takes us to Fern Spring, justly famous forr the purity of its ice cold water. One-half miler beyond we suddenly emerge at Bridalveil Meadows,r obtaining a most charming view of ther Gates of the Valley. At the right, Bridalveil Fallr leaps 630 feet from its hanging valley, the one sider of which is formed by the massively sculpturedr Cathedral Rocks, and the other by a solid granite ridge terminating at Leaning Tower, anotherr eminence of the turreted south wall. On the opposite side of the canyon rises the sheer face of El Capitan.r In the recess at its west the evanescentr streamer of Ribbon Fall descends in a lace-liker film.r

r At the edge of the meadow about 100 feet northr of the road a dense grove of oaks and pines sheltersr the graves of two pioneers, Rose and Shurban, whor were massacred here by the Indians in May, 1852.r Near the river was once the Indian village ofr Sap-pah'-sam-mah. The road now passes nearr Bridalveil Fall, charming glimpses of which are nowr and then revealed. A subsidiary road turns to ther right and leads to the foot of the falls. This shortr side trip should be taken by all visitors. Just below a very large rock at the east margin of ther stream is the site of the ancient village ofr Lem-me'-hitch'-ke. In view of this fact, our stories ofr r r the Indians’ great fear of Pohono,r “the spirit of the evil wind,”r may be somewhat overdrawn.r

r Just below the imposing buttress of the lowermost of the Cathedral Rocks is El Capitan Bridge,r and near it Lo-to-ya (Flower) Spring.r North of the river is El Capitan Checking Stationr and the terminus of the Big Oak Flat Roadr (Road Trip IV). East of Cathedral Rocks wer are treated to a sudden view of the two marvelously slenderr Cathedral Spires, each risingr 500 feet from its base and appearing to tower evenr above the Yosemite rim. Directly opposite acrossr El Capitan Meadows is a most comprehensiver view of the mighty wall of Tote-ack-ah-noo-la,r the “Rock Chief” of the Indians, whose title wasr merely translated into Spanish to make the presen tr name. Chauffeurs often point out the likeness ofr the chief and other more or less imaginary muralr images. In a shallow niche 1189 feet above ther road stands a hardy Jeffrey pine 82.4 feet highr and two feet in diameter.r

r In driving beneath the oaks, alders, pines andr firs we enjoy ever-changing vistas across ther placid river. Three Brothers, massively piledr promontories of the north wall, are least harshlyr seen from this road. Directly ahead rises ther watchtower of Sentinel Rock. At its west flankr the transitory Sentinel Fall descends in a seriesr of cascades during the spring thaws. Below Sentinel Rock we pass the site of Galen Clark’s cabin,r of old Camp Awahnee, and of the more ancientr Indian village of Loi'-ah. About one and a quarterr miles further is Yosemite Village. All campersr should register at the National Park Servicer headquarters.r

r ROAD TRIP IIr
r A TOUR OF THE FLOOR OF THE VALLEYr

r (9 miles—2 hours ride—1/2 to 1 day walk)r

r Every Yosemite visitor should spend at leastr one day within the valley itself before beginningr the more strenuous trail trips. There is so muchr to be seen from the valley floor that weeks mightr be spent there were it not for “the call of the Highr Country” beyond the walls. The following itinerary includes a visit to most places of interest inr the upper (east) end of the valley: Sentinel Bridge,r Indian Village, Royal Arches, Washington Column, Indian Cave, Mirror Lake, Half Dome,r Mineral Springs, Tenaya Bridge, Happy Isles,r Camp Curry and Le Conte Memorial Lodge, inr the order mentioned.r

r Road Trips I and VI describe the region west ofr the village. The following excursion may be mader by motor in two or three hours. Hikers will findr it a moderately long half-day tramp or a leisurelyr one-day ramble. An early start should be mader in order to see the sunrise at Mirror Lake. It isr well to ascertain the hour beforehand, for thisr varies with the season of the year.r

r From Yosemite Village we cross Sentinelr Bridge and follow the poplar-bordered roadr across the meadow. Straight ahead is Yosemite Fallr and the Lost Arrow, and at ourr right a most comprehensive view of North Dome,r the Royal Arches, Washington Column, Halfr Dome and Glacier Point. At the Grizzly Hotelr site the El Capitan Road (Road Trip VI) branchesr westward, while our route turns up the canyon.r The distant buildings to the left of the road arer the Government barns, shops and warehouses.r In this group is the menagerie which will wellr r r repay a subsequent visit. Nearer is the picturesque old cemetery where many pioneers of ther region lie at rest. A little farther eastward on ther largest open level area in Yosemite is the site ofr the important old village of Ah-wah'-ne, fromr which the valley took its Indian name.r

r Continuing along the Royal Arch Road wer soon pass the new Rangers’ Club House. Justr beyond, a cross road to the right leads to ther garage. To the northward, high overhead, arer the silhouettes of the Castle Cliffs, and at theirr east the deep cleft of Indian Canyon which, tor the Yosemite tribe, was “Le Hammo” because ofr the arrowwood which grew there. Along ther precipitous cliffs of the east wall ran their mainr trail into Yosemite from the north. From ther valley floor at the base of a cliff just west of ther Royal Arches they first climbed a large oak andr then made their way along narrow ledges towardr the northwest. It was at this oak that old Chiefr Tenaya was captured in 1851 by Lieutenantr Chandler and the scout Sandino.r

r At the mouth of Indian Canyon is Yo'-watch-ke,r the only Indian village in the valley which is stillr occupied. During the July celebrations it isr picturesquely alive but at other times the fewr dirty o'-chums are almost repulsive. This area onr the alluvial fan of Indian Creek is the warmestr spot in the valley and botanists will here findr many plants typical of the lower altitudes.r

r A short distance further we pass Camp 17 atr the right of the road. About a quarter of a miler beyond and on the opposite side is Camp 20. Atr a road junction is a small settlement calledr Kenneyville, which occupies the site of the formerr Indian Camp of Wis’-kah-lah. Here the Le Conte Roadr turns south, leading to Camps 15 and 7, andr across Stoneman Bridge to Camp Curry on ther r r Happy Isles Road. Doubling back to the westward isr Sequoia Lane, a road leading to Camps 6r and 7, and to Yosemite Village, one mile distant.r

r We continue eastward, passing Camp 8, whichr is above the road and just at the west end of ther Royal Arches. During the spring thaw ther beautiful but ephemeral Royal Arch Fall descendsr over a cliff at the left. Its Indian name,r Scho-ko-ya, meant “basket fall.” In the nextr half mile our road is flanked by the overhangingr cornices of the colossal arches. They must ber viewed from afar if we would realize how aptlyr they were called by the Yosemites “Scho-ko-ni,”r which means “the movable shade to a cradle basket.”r At the left of the road and directly beneath the arches is Camp 9. As we continue alongr the road, breaks in the forest reveal intermittentr views of Washington Column towering abover to the left, and of the great face of Half Domer dominating all the east.r

r A short subsidiary road to the left now leads tor Indian Cave immediately under Washingtonr Column. The Yosemites named this retreatr Hol'-low', but sometimes called it Lah-koo'-hah,r which means “Come out!” It is a low, broad,r deep recess under a huge rock and is said to haver been occupied as a winter shelter; also when ther Yosemites were attacked and almost exterminatedr by the Mono Lake Piutes. The overhangingr rock is black with the smoke of ages, and far backr in the cave large quantities of acorn shells haver been found.r

r Returning the short distance to the main road,r we again turn eastward, soon passing a groupr of excellent mineral springs at the right. Ther highway now bears gradually to the north intor the mouth of Tenaya Canyon and in one-halfr mile ends in a “loop” at the west margin ofr Mirror Lake.r r r The relative darkness in this deepr canyon and the absence of wind during the earlyr morning hours insures a perfect reflection forr almost every morning of the vacation season.r Most perfect are the reflections of Mount Watkinsr (the Wei-yow or “Juniper Mountain” ofr the Yosemites) guarding the entrance to ther forbidden gorge of Tenaya. Unfortunately ther delta of Tenaya Creek has greatly encroachedr upon the mirror and has reduced it to but a remnantr of the beautiful lake which the Indiansr called Ah-wei'-yo, or “quiet water.” From ther end of the road the Tenaya Lake and Northr Dome Trail (Trail Trips 4 and 6) continue aroundr the western shore of the lake and up the canyon.r

r After the appearance of the sun over ther shoulder of Half Dome, we retrace the last halfr mile of our route, turning aside for a short visitr to the mineral springs. A little distance furtherr the main road forks and we take the left-handr branch which crosses Tenaya Bridge. A detourr to the westward now takes us around and over ar portion of the lateral moraine left at the junctionr of the ancient Tenaya and Merced glaciers. Nearr this point was Hoo-ke'-hahtch-ke', an Indian villager inhabited up to about 1897.r

r A road which branches to the right offers ar short-cut to Camp Curry, about three-quarters ofr a mile distant. It passes Camps 11 and 14, andr the site of the Lick House, one of the inns of earlyr days. The main road, however, bears to the leftr and parallels the beautiful banks of the Merced.r Less than a mile takes us to the Happy Isles Bridge.r Here the main trail to Vernal andr Nevada Falls, Glacier Point, Half Dome, Cloudsr Rest, Merced Lake, etc. (see Trail Trips), turnsr south and ascends the Merced Canyon. At ther right of the bridge is a U. S. Weather Bureaur r r observation station. On the west side of ther stream is the old power plant and from it startsr the footpath to Happy Isles. The short sider trip from island to island should not be missed.r Especially are these charming garden spots notedr for the beauty of their flowering dogwoods,r maples and alders. The round trip to Sierra Pointr (Trail Trip 12) may easily be accomplished fromr this point in one hour. A refreshment stand isr maintained in the vicinity. To escape the dustr of the road one may follow the picturesquer Happy Isles Trail from its beginning near the powerr house to Camp Curry, one mile westward.r

r Our road now bears to the northwest and roundsr the imposing buttress of Glacier Point. One-half mile takes us to a spring at the left of the roadr which once supplied the large Indian village ofr Um’-ma-taw. A short distance beyond, our router is joined by the short-cut road from Mirror Lake.r Near this road is a cabin often pointed out asr having belonged to John Muir. It was reallyr built and used by James C. Lamon, a pioneer andr the first permanent resident of the valley. Muir’sr cabin has long since disappeared and its onlyr existing photograph is in the possession of Dr.r Wm. F. Bade. The orchard at the right occupiesr the site of Too'-lah'-kah'-mah, another vanishedr community of the Yosemite tribe.r

r Extending for a considerable distance alongr the road are the tents and bungalows of Camp Curry.r If we have time to stop, we may be refreshed by a swim in the huge open-air swimmingr pool, by cooling drinks at the soda fountain or byr a rest beneath the great pines and cedars.r

r From the camp center a road to the north leadsr across the Stoneman Bridge to Kenneyville. Atr the right of the road is the site of the oldr Stoneman Hotel, which was built and maintained inr r r the early days by the State of California, butr which burned down in 1896. Close to the bridge,r on the banks of the Merced, was once the larger Indian village of Too-yu'-yu'-yu.r

r West of the Camp Curry bungalows we passr Camp 16, between the road and the river. Nearr this point the Ledge Trail turns to the south andr mounts the talus slopes above Camp Curry. Ar short distance beyond is the new Le Conte Memorial Lodger picturesquely set among the pinesr and incense cedars where once was the Indianr village of Ho-low, and where the old schoolhouser stood until 1911. The lodge is an ideal place tor spend the remainder of the afternoon amongstr photographs, flowers, books and maps, and in ar cool and absolutely restful atmosphere. To ther right of the road, where the river makes a bigr detour to the north, is Camp 19. One shouldr note the remarkably perfect reflections in ther river below the rock wall parapet during ther remaining half-mile walk to Yosemite Village.r

r ROAD TRIP IIIr
r YOSEMITE TO GLACIER POINT via CHINQUAPIN ROADr

r (28 miles—4 to 5 hours by auto)r

r A trip to Glacier Point should be part of everyone’s Yosemite itinerary. Many motorists preferr to make the excursion by road instead of by trail.r The round trip from Yosemite can be made byr machine in one day, but it is better to reserver accommodations in advance at the Glacier Pointr Hotel and remain there over night to view ther sunrise over the High Sierra. Another excellentr plan is to send one’s machine around by roadr while one walks or rides to Glacier Point via ther Vernal and Nevada Falls Trail (Trail Trip 1), returning to the valley via Chinquapin Road. Ther description of the first 14.5 miles of this trip,r which follows the Wawona Road as far as Chinquapin, will be of interest to those leaving Yosemite by that route.r

r From Yosemite Village we follow the Bridalveil Roadr (Road Trip VI-A) down the valley four andr a half miles to the Bridalveil Checking Station,r where the Wawona Road turns to the left. Here allr motorists must register. For safety the park regulations permit the ascent on even hours only, andr at a speed of not more than twelve miles per hour.r We now climb steadily beneath a dense forestr of pines, fir, incense cedar, oak and laurel, and atr one and a half miles halt at Artist Point (Alt.r 4701, 750 feet above the valley floor). The viewr of the Gates of the Valley to the east is claimedr to be one of the most perfect of all Yosemiter landscapes.r Gradually climbing another 690 feet we finallyr halt at Inspiration Point (Alt. 5391). The viewr r r r of Yosemite is similar to that from Artist Point,r but with the depths and distances more impressivelyr accentuated. Across the canyon is Fireplace Bluff.r A view-finder beside the road indicates each point of interest. All machinesr should be registered at the Government Checkingr Station. Telephone communication and waterr are here available.r

r About half a mile beyond Inspiration Point isr Fort Monroe (Alt. 5540), an old-time stage relayr station. This is a fair campsite for auto parties.r A good spring will be found near the Pohono Trailr junction. The visit to the wild-flower gardens andr many fine lookout points of the Pohono Trailr (Trail Trip 18) is an especially fine one-day walkingr trip from this point.r

r Our road now leads thru most magnificent piner forests, which open now and then to give us shortr glimpses of the canyon of the Merced, thousandsr of feet below. About two miles from Fort Monroer the Hennessy Trail (Trail Trip 25) branches tor the right and descends to El Portal, ten miles distant.r Grouse Creek Crossing, a half miler further, is a good auto camp. Fishing is fairr downstream.r Another two miles takes us to Avalanche Creek.r There are here no camping places andr the stream contains no trout. Caution: Ther worst turn on the road is about 200 yards beyondr the crossing. One mile beyond Avalanche Creekr the Sunset Trail (Trail Trip 24) leaves the roadr at the right, descending to the Midwinter Rangerr Station near Arch Rock on the El Portal Road.r

r One mile further is Chinquapin, an old stager relay station at the junction of the Glacier Pointr and Wawona Roads. There is here a rangerr station and during the summer gas and oil can ber obtained. In the vicinity are many good campsites.r r r An excellent spring will be found 200r yards north of the ranger cabin. Fishing is fairr in Indian Creek about a quarter of a mile southward;r best fishing is downstream. Many deerr are generally to be seen in the region. Chinquapin is especially noted for its wonderful sunsets. Before leaving, all machines should taker water.r

r The main road continues southward to Wawonar and the Mariposa Grove of Big Trees and thencer to Merced, Madera and Fresno. Our route turnsr eastward and climbs abruptly 1300 feet in ther next three miles to the head of the canyon ofr Indian Creek. This long, hard grade takes us tor the 7500-foot level, where we are at last on ther gently sloping plateau above the valley walls.r The following eleven miles is a delightful succession of mountain meadows and forests of red fir,r lodgepole pine and other sub-alpine species.r Numbers of deer can almost always be seen fromr the road, especially early in the morning.r

r Peregoy Meadow, about five miles from Chinquapin,r was famous in the early days for its wayside inn on the “Yosemite Trail” from Clarke’sr (now Wawona). The old buildings have longr since disappeared, but the trail, now called ther Alder Creek Trail (Trail Trip 19), is still used.r From Peregoy Meadow to Glacier Point are manyr fine campsites. About one mile eastward isr Bridalveil Creek Crossing. Fishing is good upstream, and fair about one mile downstream,r but generally poor near the road.r

r At a trail junction about one and a half milesr further, the Ostrander Lake and Buck Camp Trailr (Trail Trips 20 and 21) turns southwardr (right). Here one may park his machine and walkr to Ostrander Lake via Trail Trip 20 and return,r a fifteen-mile one-day round trip. The laker r r offers some of the best fishing in this section ofr the park.r

r Swinging gradually to the northeast the roadr passes to the east of Ostrander Rocks. A trailr to the right leads to Mono Meadow and the basinr of the Illilouette. Three miles further atr Pothole Meadows the Peregoy Meadow Trail (Trail Trip 19)r leaves the road at the left. A short distancer beyond and at the same side of the road isr the Pohono Trail turnoff (Trail Trip 17). Ar half mile further, just as the road starts its finalr descent to Glacier Point, is a trail to the left leadingr to Sentinel Dome. The summit is but ar few minutes distant and from it is revealed a vastr panorama of the High Sierra.r

r A gradual descent in the final one and a halfr miles takes us past several lookout points to ther road termination at Glacier Point Hotel. Excellent accommodations are here obtainable. Ther overhanging rock and Glacier Point are 200r yards northward. (For trips from Glacier Pointr see Trail Trips 1, 2, and 16 to 23.)r

r ROAD TRIP IVr
r YOSEMITE TO TENAYA LAKE,r TUOLUMNE MEADOWS AND MONO LAKEr via BIG OAK FLAT ANDr TIOGA ROADSr

r (Lake Tenaya 57.7 miles. Tuolumne Meadows 65.2 miles.r Mono Lake 88.2 miles)r

r Most charmingly scenic of all trans-Sierranr routes is the historic old Tioga Road. Built byr Chinese labor in 1881 to transport ore from ther Tioga Mine (near Mono Lake) across the Sierrar to the San Joaquin Valley, it soon fell into decayr when the venture was abandoned. In 1915 ther road was purchased by a group of public-spiritedr citizens and presented to the government. Sincer being well repaired it makes Yosemite accessibler from the east and opens up the wonderfully finer camping country of the High Sierra to the automobile tourist. Hundreds of motorists take thisr exceptionally scenic short-cut to Lake Tahoe. Inr normal years the road opens July 15th and closesr September 30th. Detailed information may ber obtained from the “Circular of General Information regarding Yosemite National Park,” or atr the Motorists’ Information Bureau in Yosemiter Village. The first twenty-three miles of ther following trip describes the Big Oak Flat Roadr as far as Carl Inn, and should be of use to autor parties leaving the park by that route.r

r From Yosemite we may follow either ther Bridalveil or the El Capitan Road westward.r At El Capitan Bridge, four miles west of the village,r the Big Oak Flat road turns abruptlyr northward. All machines should be registered atr the nearby checking station. For safety, the parkr r r regulations permit the ascent on even hours onlyr and at a speed of not more than twelve miles perr hour.r

r Gradually mounting the talus slope of the roughr canyon side, we emerge 1200 feet above the valleyr floor at New Inspiration Point from which isr our last comprehensive view of the Gates of the Valley.r The outlook, although scenically not asr perfect as that from the Wawona Road, is nevertheless quite attractive, for the depths belowr when viewed from this point seem almost alwaysr to be permeated by a transparent blue haze.r

r Near the top of the steady four-mile climb isr Gentry Checking Station, where motoristsr should again register. This is a possible camp forr motorists but rather a poor location. One-halfr mile further is the “Gentry Townsite,” laid outr about 1914, and beyond, the site of the old Gentryr Sawmill. There are here a few good places forr auto camps. Water will be found at a springr above the road.r

r Cascade Creek is crossed a short distancer northward. The crossing offers no good campsites. Fishing is fair. The short steep grade beyond the bridge is known locally as “Fords’r Rest.” We now ascend Lilly Creek to the crossing about half a mile above. Here the blazes ofr the old Mono Trail may be seen at the left leading down to a point on the rim of the canyonr about three miles distant, where was once ther terminus of the Coulterville Road. In the earlyr days this was one of the chief routes used by ther Indians and cattlemen.r

r Two miles beyond Cascade Creek is Tamarack Flatr (Alt. 6390), named from the “tamarack” orr lodgepole pine here so abundant. This is a splendid camping place, but somewhat cold. Fishingr is fair and horse feed may be found upstream. Ar r r trail branching to the right leads to Aspen Valley,r six miles distant. It is extremely brushy,r poorly marked and almost impassable.r

r Three miles westward is Gin Flat, the summitr of the Big Oak Flat Road. The meadow, borderedr by red and white fir and Jeffrey and lodgepoler pine, offers an attractive but cold campsite.r There is a tradition that a barrel of gin was oncer buried here by one of the old-time whiskey peddlers, who was shortly afterwards killed. A morer or less desultory search on the part of not a fewr “old-timers” failed to discover the prize, so afterr a few decades the matter became almost legendary.r But in 1909, as a battalion of negro cavalry werer marching to Yosemite for patrol duty, the tradition was in some way “picked up” in Grovelandr by one of the troopers. The commanding officerr could hardly understand why his troops pushedr on so readily the next day until, when camp wasr pitched at Gin Flat, they started to dig. Not ar stone in the vicinity was left unturned—but ther gin was never found.r

r At Crane Flat (Alt. 6311) two miles furtherr west are many excellent campsites. This camping ground is the one nearest to ther Tuolumne Grove of Big Trees. Water is convenientlyr piped from a spring to the vicinity of the rangerr cabin. It is a good plan, if camp is to be made atr Crane Flat, to gather firewood en route, for it isr scarce in the immediate region. Motorists shouldr register at the log cabin of the Park Ranger, andr all east-bound cars should take water. A roadr branching southwestward leads to Hazel Green,r about five miles distant on the Coulterville Road,r and to the Merced Grove of Big Trees, sevenr and a half miles away. It is narrow and steep,r but in fair condition. About a quarter of a miler from Crane Flat the Davis (private) Road turnsr r r to the left from the Hazel Green cut-off and leadsr to Big Meadows (4.5 miles) and El Portalr (11.5 miles).r

r The main road bears to the north a short distance after leaving Crane Flat and, after one miler of steep descent, enters the Tuolumne Grove of Sequoias.r Most of the thirty trees in the smallr grove are advantageously seen from the road, butr a short side trip to the tunnelled Dead Giantr (above and to the right) is well worth while. Thisr subsidiary road is steep and narrow and mostr people prefer to walk to the giant.r

r One-half mile below the grove the main roadr passes beneath the rustic gateway which marksr the boundary between Yosemite National Parkr and the Stanislaus National Forest. Therer are two possible auto camps in the next mile, butr neither are very good. Bearing westward the roadr follows down the canyon of North Crane Creek.r Good camp sites will be found at the crossingr about two miles below the park line. Hogdon Ranch,r a little more than a mile further, is another good place to camp. At this abandonedr cattle ranch an old road branches to the left. Itr is impassable because of washouts. A mile and ar half further along the main road is Carl Inn, ar mountain summer resort on the South Fork of the Tuolumne River.r Accommodations arer excellent. Gasoline and oil may here be obtained. There are many fine campsites in ther vicinity and fishing is fair. One may obtain saddle or pack animals at the hotel for trail trips inr the region.r

r Just west from the hotel is a main road junction.r The Big Oak Flat Road to Chinese Camp,r Knights Ferry and Stockton continues down ther South Fork, while our road crosses the New England Bridge and bears northward. One mile takesr r r us to another junction where the Hetch Hetchy Roadr (Road Trip V) branches to the left. Ther Tioga Road turns eastward, ascends a ratherr steep grade thru a fine forest of pine, cedar andr oak, and in 4.2 miles again enters the park atr Aspen Valley Ranger Station. Motoristsr should stop and register. A government telephone is here available. There are excellent camping places in the vicinity and a good spring aboutr two hundred yards northwest of the ranger cabin.r

r Two miles inside the park is Aspen Valley,r another abandoned cattle ranch. The longr meadow offers a delightful camp. The Carlin Trail,r which is used chiefly by cattlemen, branchesr to the westward at this point and makes a roughr descent to Ackerson Meadow six miles distant.r Leading southeast is a trail to Tamarack Flatr on the Big Oak Flat Road. Over most of its sixr miles it is so brushy as to be almost impassabler and it is now little used. About one mile north ofr Aspen Valley the seldom used “Packers’ Trail”r begins at the left of the road and bears northwardr toward Hetch Hetchy. From Aspen Valleyr eastward good camping places are so numerousr that several will be passed each hour. They willr therefore not be mentioned in the following text.r

r Our road now ascends Long Gulch, passesr over a low divide, and in 4.2 miles crosses ther Middle Fork of the Tuolumne River. This isr an attractive auto camp but horse feed is scarce.r The stream is well stocked with rainbow andr eastern brook trout. We now follow along ther well-wooded banks of the Middle Fork and inr about three and a half miles, where the road makesr a big bend toward the southeast, we find the beginningr of the trail to Harden Lake, Hetch Hetchy,r and the Grand Canyon of the Tuolumne.r

r The beautiful little Harden Lake (Alt. 7575)r is only one mile distant by trail. It is a mostr attractive place to lunch and the round trip canr easily be made in less than one hour. From pointsr just north of the lake a most comprehensive viewr of the Grand Canyon of the Tuolumne is revealed.r Harden Lake contains no trout.r

r White Wolf, some two miles beyond ther Harden Lake Trail Junction, is one of the many finer meadows which our road now traverses. The oldr Ten Lakes Trail shown on the U. S. G. S. mapsr as leading eastward from this point has beenr superseded by the new Ten Lakes Trail. up Yosemite Creek.r The old blazes may be followedr eastward two and a half miles to Lukens Laker (Alt. 8450), a charming little mountain lakeletr surrounded by a park-like forest. It has not yetr been stocked with trout.r

r About three miles beyond White Wolf ther Yosemite Creek Trail (Trail Trip 11) branchesr to the right (south). Yosemite is ten miles distant by this excellent trail. Passing several smallr meadows, one of which is Dark Hole, we descendr in about two miles to Yosemite Creek Ranger Cabin.r The station is connected by telephoner to Yosemite. From here a good trail bears to ther southwest and joins the main Yosemite Creekr Trail one and a half miles below. Good campr sites are numerous in the vicinity and at ther Yosemite Creek Crossing, about a quarter ofr a mile eastward, the new Ten Lakes Trail followsr up the east bank of the creek. Our road nowr ascends about two and a half miles of heavyr grades, finally passing over a flat divide and descending almost imperceptibly to the larger meadows at Porcupine Flat, an excellent campingr place. One mile further the Yosemite Fallsr Trail branches to the right and leads southwestr five miles to Yosemite Point.r

r In another mile Snow Creek is crossed. Fishingr is fair down stream. Snow Flat, two and ar half miles further, is an especially good place tor camp. It is the usual base camp for the ascentr of Mount Hoffman (Alt. 10,921), three miles tor the northwest.r

r May Lake (Alt. 9400) is about one mile northr of the road by a plainly blazed but rough trailr which climbs about 500 feet en route. Beautifullyr set in the rugged glacial amphitheatre at the eastr shoulder of Mount Hoffman, which towers imposingly above, it offers one of the most attractiver side trips of the region. As a campsite it is unsurpassed. In the days when troops were guardians of the park this was the officers’ private fishing lake—and fishing is most excellent. It wasr stocked with Loch Leven trout in 1908, withr eastern brook in 1908 and 1917, and with rainbow inr 1908 and 1913.r

r From Snow Flat the road rises abruptly for ar short distance, then descends 800 feet in the nextr three miles to Lake Tenaya. Near a sharp bendr in the road about one mile from the lake, a trailr to the right (Trail Trip 5) leads to Yosemite viar Mirror Lake.r

r Tenaya Lake (Alt. 8141) is one of the gems ofr the High Sierra. It is a large, deep, glacial laker imposingly surrounded by granite crags andr domes. Its Indian name, Py-we-ack, meantr “lake of the glistening rocks,” referring to ther glacier polished granite at its upper end. Ther lake and the pyramidal peak to the east were renamed Tenaya when the last remnant of Chiefr Tenaya’s Yosemite Tribe was captured here byr the Mariposa Battalion on June 5, 1851. Ther lake is one of the best in the park for a permanentr auto camp. It was stocked with Loch Levenr trout in 1911 and with rainbow, eastern brook,r r r black spotted, and steelhead in 1917, 1918, andr 1919, but fishing is only fair. From the lower endr of the lake the Forsyth Pass Trail (Trail Trip 6)r bears eastward across the rocky meadows, and ther Yosemite Trail (Trail Trip 5) takes off towardr the southwest.r

r Our road skirts the western lake shore. At ar point where Murphy Creek enters from ther north are the ruins of a log cabin which was builtr by John L. Murphy, one of the early pioneerr guides of the region. The McGee Lake Trail tor Waterwheel Falls here turns off from the road.r Rounding the polished base of Polly Dome (Alt.r 9786) we finally halt at Tenaya Lake Lodger near the white beach at the lake’s upper extremity.r Accommodations are excellent and fishing tackler and rowboats may be rented.r

r At the head of the long flat canyon bottomr is a peculiar glacial monument often mistakenr for Polly Dome. Passing this, our road continuesr up the stream to its source, where the great Tuolumne Glacier overflowed and sent a branch southward to help carve out the stupendous depths ofr Tenaya Canyon.r

r Tuolumne Meadows (Alt. 8594), the mostr superb of all high mountain pleasure grounds,r lies seven and a half miles from Tenaya Lake. Inr the region are innumerable side trips to alpiner summits, to lakes and streams teeming withr trout, to thundering waterfalls, and to peacefulr green pastures of the highlands. Tioga Passr (Alt. 9941) is seven miles further, and anotherr sixteen miles takes us down Leevining Canyonr to the weird semi-desert region at Mono Lake.r The road then continues northward to Lake Tahoer about 118 miles distant.r

r ROAD TRIP Vr
r YOSEMITE TO HETCH HETCHY via BIGr OAK FLAT ROAD AND HETCHr HETCHY RAILROADr

r (Round trip 77 miles—1 day by motor and railroad)r

r A new and exceptionally scenic one-day roundr trip between Yosemite and Hetch Hetchy hasr been made possible by the construction activitiesr on the San Francisco Dam. Throughout the entire season a gasoline railroad bus runs on dailyr schedule between Mather (Hog Ranch) andr Hetch Hetchy, stopping long enough to allow oner to view the wonderful canyon and to inspect ther enormous engineering project. One may motorr privately from Yosemite to Mather or may ride byr the auto stage, which makes one round trip daily.r

r From Yosemite we follow the Big Oak Flat Roadr (Road Trips VI and IV) to the road junctionr one mile north of Carl Inn, a resort on ther South Fork of the Tuolumne River. At thisr junction (23.4 miles from Yosemite) we turn tor the left on the old Hog Ranch Road, whichr bears to the northwest thru the pines of ther Stanislaus National Forest.r

r The following six-mile drive to Mather is entirelyr thru delightful woods and meadows—ar country quite attractive but with no startlingr scenic effects. At Mather is the Hog Ranch Ranger Station,r which is connected by telephoner with Yosemite and outside points. Here we againr enter Yosemite National Park.r

r In the nine-mile rail-motor excursion to Hetchr Hetchy we first traverse a dense pine forest forr one mile and then, emerging at the rim of Tuolumne Canyon,r have a wonderfully scenic rider to our destination.r

r Hetch Hetchy is a deeply sculptured Yosemite-like valley with the broad meadows of its levelr floor flanked by dominating castellated cliffs. Itsr most impressive feature is Kolana Rock, a massive promontory buttressing the precipitous southr wall. The two great waterfalls—Tueeulala, ther spirit of gracefulness, and Wapama, the very soulr of power—tumble over the north ramparts at ther upper end of the valley. Fortunate, indeed, willr be the visitors of the next few seasons, for ther great gorge will be as yet unflooded.r

r ROAD TRIP VIr
r YOSEMITE TO EL PORTAL via ELr CAPITAN ROADr

r (15 miles—1 1/2 hours by stage)r

r The final hour in Yosemite National Park—thatr generally spent in the ride from the valley to Elr Portal—is one of interest, but it must be admitted, of anti-climax. Facing westward we loser the wonderful views which burst upon us in entering, but the trip, for all of that, is attractive.r From Yosemite Village either the Bridalveil orr the El Capitan Road may he followed. Ther former is the more scenic and is described as Roadr Trip VI-A. The latter is set forth in the followingr text.r

r Crossing Sentinel Bridge our poplar-borderedr road bears northward across a wide meadow fromr which are magnificent views of Yosemite Fallsr and the Lost Arrow straight ahead, andr North Dome, Royal Arches and Half Dome to ther right. At the Grizzly Hotel site a road forks eastwardr to Mirror Lake (Road Trip II). Turningr r r westward beneath the giant black oaks of ther meadow border, we soon pass the old Hutchingsr Orchard. The memorial bench at the left marksr the spot from which Galen Clarke so loved to contemplater the beauty of “Cholook,” the fall of falls.r A little further are the wild azalia gardens of Yosemite Creek.r Just west of the rustic bridge ar short branch road turns to the right to the footr of Yosemite Falls. We continue straight ahead,r passing Yosemite Hospital at the right and thenr running beneath the arcade of Yosemite Lodge.r Just across the road is the swimming tank, ther tennis courts, laundry, etc. The main buildingsr occupy the site of Koom-i'-ne, the largest andr most important of the old Indian villages.r

r Bearing southward, we now round the base ofr Three Brothers, the Waw-haw'-kee or “fallingr rocks” of the Indians. At the foot of the greatr buttress is Rocky Point. The Yosemite tribesr called the place We-äck (the rocks) because,r according to their traditions, the huge bouldersr in the vicinity fell upon their trail. It is amongr these boulders that Tenaya’s three sons werer captured in 1852, and the colossal monumentr above was named for them.r

r Swinging more directly westward, our road nowr skirts the base of El Capitan, the Tote-ack-ah-noo-lar or “rock chief” of the Indians. The imager of their fanciful chief is to this day pointed outr on the wall two thousand feet overhead, but he isr now called “The Wandering Jew.” In a shallowr niche 1189 feet above the road stands a hardyr Jeffrey pine 82.4 feet high and two feet in diameter.r For half a mile we pass thru El Capitan Meadows,r where once were the Indian villages of Yu-a'-chah,r Ha-eng'-ah, He-le'-jah and Aw'-o-koi-e. At certainr times during the day the Cathedral Spires andr Cathedral Rocks on the opposite side of ther r r valley stand out in remarkable perspective, butr under general light conditions this stereoscopicr effect is entirely lacking.r

r Beyond El Capitan the Ribbon Fall may ber seen, its dainty streamer gracefully descendingr into the rather harsh box-like recess in the canyon wall.r Its Indian name was Lung-o-to-ko-ya,r or “pigeon falls.” A cross road to the left passesr El Capitan Checking Station and crossesr El Capitan Bridge to the Bridalveil Road southr of the Merced (Road Trips 1-A and VI-A). Ar few steps further along our route the Big Oak Flat Roadr turns to the right and ascends thrur the shattered granite talus of the north canyonr side. At this junction was the old Indian villager of Hep-hep'-oo-ma.r

r Paralleling the Merced, we now and then arer treated to glimpses of Bridalveil Fall droppingr gracefully from its hanging valley and guardedr at the left by Cathedral Rocks and at the rightr by the Leaning Tower. Where our router traverses a small meadow is the site of anotherr vanished village, We'-tum-taw. A short distancer beyond is Black Spring, which is but a few stepsr to the right of the road. The Yosemites called itr Poot-poo-toon, and among the rocks surroundingr it was a small community of the same name. Ourr road now bends gradually southward followingr the banks of the Merced. Across the stream isr Bridalveil Meadow and an especially fine viewr of the Gates of the Valley. A short distancer further is Pohono Bridge, where our road isr joined by the Bridalveil Road (Road Trips I-A and VI-A)r from the south side of the valley.r

r About a quarter of a mile westward is the oldr Mail Carrier’s Cabin, the site of the ancient villager of Ah-wah'-ma. Across the canyon the ruggedr ramparts of the south rim rise imposingly abover r r and Meadow Brook pours over the edge to leapr 1170 feet as Widow’s Tears Fall. A small damr in the Merced diverts water for the intake of the twor thousand-watt generators of the new governmentr power house just below the road. South of ther river is a grotesque promontory which is wellr named Pulpit Rock.r

r At the two small bridges about one and a halfr miles further down the canyon we pass the foot ofr Cascade Falls which, during the flood waters ofr early spring, is one of the most attractive scenicr features of the El Portal Highway. From theser bridges is also the best view of Elephant Rock,r down the canyon. Less than a quarter of a miler further, Wildcat Falls pour over the cliff at ther right. A short distance beyond, stage driversr often point out the image of a white Persian catr on the wall above the road. The old Coulterville Roadr now branches to the right and steeply ascends the canyon wall. This was the first roadr into Yosemite and was completed in 1874. Justr below Elephant Rock is Battleship Harbor, ar placid reach of the Merced in which fancied graniter dreadnaughts ride anchor.r

r A little more than a mile further down the canyonr Grouse Creek tumbles over the south wallr in a series of cascades. We now pass beneathr Arch Rock, a natural tunnel formed by two huger granite talus blocks. The trail bridge across ther Merced, a short distance westward, is the crossingr of the Sunset Trail, which passes ther midwinter ranger station opposite and ascends pas’r the foot of Avalanche Falls to the Wawona Roadr 2500 feet above.r

r Two miles further down the canyon we passr out of the park and into the Stanislaus National Forestr thru a region of gnarled oaks and silver-gray digger pines.r During the early seasonr r r Indian Creek, across the canyon, forms the picturesquer Chinquapin Falls.r

r One mile below the park line is El Portal, ther terminus of the Yosemite Valley Railroad.r There is here a hotel and a small store. On ther opposite slope is the incline of the Yosemite Lumber Companyr down which flat cars loaded withr logs are lowered. From El Portal a four-hourr ride by railroad takes us to Merced.r

r ROAD TRIP VI-Ar
r YOSEMITE VILLAGE TO POHONOr BRIDGE via THE BRIDALVEIL ROADr

r (5 miles—20 minutes by stage)r

r The Bridalveil Road parallels the south bankr of the Merced from Yosemite to Pohono Bridge,r five miles westward. This route is more attractive and more scenic than the northern, or Elr Capitan Road, which is often taken by the stages.r

r From Yosemite Village we bear westwardr across the meadows. The Sentinel towers abover at the left and in the distance are the portals ofr the valley. About one mile takes us past a Parkr Ranger’s cabin near the spot where Galen Clarke’sr house stood until 1919. Just northward, at ther edge of a big meadow, was once the Indian villager of Hoo'-koo-me'-ko-tah.r

r A little further and directly under the Sentinelr stand the remaining buildings of old Campr Awahnee, occupying the site of the large and importantr Indian community of Loi'-ah. The name,r which means “a long water basket,” was also ther Yosemites’ appellation for the great rock towerr above. The Short Trail to Glacier Point herer turns to the left and begins its zigzag course upr r r the canyon wall. The Ford Road, a subsidiaryr route branching to the right, leads to The Big Pine,r which is the largest known specimen ofr western yellow pine in the park. During the floodr waters of early spring, Sentinel Falls descendr in a picturesque cascade at the western flank ofr the great obelisk.r

r Again continuing westward, we are treated tor charming vistas across the Merced. Especiallyr effective from this angle is the great triple pyramidr of Three Brothers buttressing the northr wall. Just opposite them on the banks of ther river was Kis'-se, the westernmost of the larger Indian villages on the south or “coyote” side of ther valley. To the west a splendid profile of El Capitanr is revealed and suddenly at the left of the roadr the Cathedral Spires, each rising 500 feet fromr its base, seem to tower above the south rim. Ther Yosemites called the latter Po-see'-na Chuck'-ah,r or “mouse-proof rocks,” from a fancied resemblancer to their acorn caches. A village just belowr them in a small meadow near the river was calledr We'-sum-meh.r

r We now skirt the powerfully outlinedr Cathedral Rocks. At El Capitan Bridge one mayr cross to the north side of the river. Directly oppositer is a ranger station at the foot of the Big Oak Flat Roadr (Road Trip IV). From that point ther El Capitan Road (Road Trips I and VI) leadsr both up and down the valley.r

r Continuing along the shaded highway, we veerr to the south, passing close to the foot of Bridalveil Fall,r charming glimpses of which are herer and there revealed between the trees. Just belowr a very large rock at the east margin of Bridalveil Creekr is the site of the ancient village of Lem-me'-hitch'-ke.r Perhaps the unspeakable awe withr which the Yosemites were supposed to look uponr r r Pohono, “the spirit of the evil wind,” has beenr somewhat exaggerated in the past. A short subsidiary road turns to the left to the foot of ther fall, a brief side trip which should be taken by allr visitors.r

r A short drive now takes us to the junction withr the Wawona Road (Road Trip III) which bears tor the left at Bridalveil Checking Station andr climbs thru the forests of the canyon-side. Turning to the right, we soon enter Bridalveilr Meadow. Near the river was once the Indianr village of Sap-pah'-sam-mah. At the edge ofr the meadow, about 100 feet north of the road,r a dense grove of oaks and pines shelters ther graves of two pioneers, Rose and Shurban, whor were massacred here by the Indians in 1852. Ther view back across the meadows towards ther Gates of the Valley is one of the best from this elevation.r At the left is the great shoulder of El Capitan,r with the Ribbon Fall almost hidden in ar deep recess at its west. At the right of the portalr the beautiful Bridalveil leaps gracefully from itsr hanging valley between Cathedral Rocks andr the Leaning Tower.r

r Plunging again into the deep woods, we stop forr a draught of ice-cold water at Fern Spring, and ar short distance beyond emerge at the beautifulr border of the Merced. Crossing Pohono Bridger we join the El Portal Road. El Portal is tenr miles westward via Road Trip VI, and Yosemiter five miles eastward via Road Trip I.r

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Guide to Yosemite (1920) by Ansel F. Hall

YOSEMITE TRAILS

r For an ideal vacation-land, Yosemite couldr scarcely be surpassed. Of the 600 miles of trailsr in the park probably half are within two daysr walking distance of the valley. It is this portionr of the park which is described in the followingr trail trips—the region which may be seen on walking tours from the valley as a base camp.r

r For the person whose days in Yosemite arer limited, Glacier Point undoubtedly offers the mostr attractive one-day excursion. It is reached by ar number of trails, chief of which are the beautifulr Vernal and Nevada Falls Trail, the steep butr thrilling climb up the narrow Ledge Trail, and ther dusty, toilsome ascent of the Short Trail. Mostr thrilling of all Yosemite Trails is the ascent ofr Half Dome, made possible by the recent construction of a cable-guarded route up its northr shoulder. Further northeastward is the commanding summit of Clouds Rest, a long one-dayr round trip, but well repaid by a magnificent panorama of the High Sierra. North of the Yosemiter walls the most comprehensive views may be hadr from Eagle Peak. The top of North Dome is alsor a vantage point of the first order, but the roundr trip is a long one-day climb. The summit of Elr Capitan, although exceedingly lofty, is ratherr disappointing except for the view over its rimr into the abyss below. Sierra Point is but oner hour’s climb above the valley and offers an especially good panorama.r

r Many ideal two-day walking trips from Yosemite are made possible by accommodations atr the lodges in the High Sierra. Chief among theser excursions are the trips to Lake Tenaya, Tuolumner Meadows and Merced Lake. Other charmingr trails are described in the following text.r

r TRAIL TRIP 1r
r YOSEMITE TO GLACIER POINT via VERNAL AND NEVADA FALLSr AND RETURN via THE SHORT TRAILr
r Reverse of Trail Trip 2r

r (16 miles—8 hours)r

r If one were so time-poor as to have but one dayr in Yosemite, he should by all means climb tor Glacier Point via Vernal and Nevada Falls andr return via the Short Trail. This most scenic tripr is easily made afoot in one day and should ber taken as follows rather than in the oppositer direction because (a) one faces the falls in ascending,r and (b) the gradual ascent is less tiring. Earlyr in the season it is a good plan to carry a sack orr newspaper for protection while passing thru ther mist of Vernal Falls.r

r The Vernal and Nevada Falls Trail startsr near Happy Isles Bridge, 2.3 miles from Yosemiter Village. The trail leaves the road at the rightr just beyond the bridge, or we may take the footpathr through Happy Isles, crossing the river onr a foot-log and joining the main trail a quarter miler above. Ascending the canyon, the trail climbsr 200 feet above the roaring Merced, which was herer called by the Indians the “Yanopah” or “waterr cloud,” referring to the mist of Vernal Falls. Ar quarter of a mile from the bridge is a fine spring.r Here the Sierra Point Trail (Trail Trip 12) turnsr left. Rounding the base of Grizzly Peak wer pass opposite the mouth of Illilouette Canyonr and see Illilouette Falls (Drop 350 feet) at itsr head. The name is a corruption of the Indianr name, Too-tool-a-we-ack. The small dam in ther river below diverts water to the Happy Isles Powerr r r House. To the left of Illilouette Canyon is Panorama Cliff,r along the rim of which our trailr runs after a three-hour climb by the Mist Trailr (one hour longer by horse trail).r

r Descending 100 feet the trail crosses Vernal Bridge,r from which is a fine view of Vernal Falls,r a half mile distant. Near this point was the oldr Indian Camp of Ap'-poo-meh. Straight ahead ther horse trail climbs 1600 feet and then descends tor the top of Vernal Falls. Pedestrians should taker the much more scenic Mist Trail, which turns leftr just beyond the bridge, saving thereby one hourr and several hundred feet climb. Paralleling ther river we pass Lady Franklin Rock, from whencer may be obtained excellent photographs of Vernalr Falls. The trail mounts thru the boulder-strewnr forest and finally rounds a rocky point on ar narrow ledge. Use extreme caution on slipperyr wet rocks! We now enter the mist, traversing ther luxuriant garden of flowers and grasses which givesr the fall its name. Between 10 and 12 a. m. beautifulr circular rainbows may be seen in the mist.r Climbing the steep slope at the right we obtain finer profiles of the fall. The trail then swings beneathr an overhanging cliff and mounts a steep narrowr ledge to the top of Vernal Falls (Alt. 5049,r Drop 317 feet). The Indians called the fallr “Yan-o-pah,” or “water cloud,” which was also ther name for the canyon below. Over the rim of ther natural granite parapet we have an excellent outlook down the canyon. By climbing along ther rim southeast of the falls we find a ladder andr hanging trail descending to a grotto, from which ar good view of Glacier Point is obtained.r

r Above Vernal Falls we pass a glacial tarn calledr Emerald Pool, at the upper end of which ther Merced rushes down over smooth granite, formingr the beautiful Silver Apron and Waterwheel.r r r Just above is the Diamond Cascade and bridge.r Our trail now joins the horse trail, which descendsr from the slope above. Crossing the river atr Diamond Cascade, the trail ascends to Snow Flatr below Liberty Cap (Alt. 7072), which towersr above to the left. This granite dome, the Mah'-ta,r or “Martyr Mountain” of the Indians, can be ascended by a difficult climb up its eastern flank.r Good rock-climbers will find an interesting scramble up the deep defile between this dome andr Mt. Broderick (Alt. 6705) just northward. At ther left of the trail is the site of the old La Casa Nevada Hotel (The Snow House), which was builtr in the early days and burned down in 1897. Ther old register is in the Yosemite Museum. Ther rockslide to the left fell from the face of Liberty Capr in 1918. Fishing is fair from Diamond Cascade to Nevada Falls.r The trail turns left andr mounts 500 feet by the famous Nevada Falls Zigzags.r When white men first visited Yosemite,r part of the Merced descended in a cascade wherer the trail is now built. At the top of the switchbacks the trail tor Little Yosemite, Clouds Rest,r Tuolumne Meadows and Merced Laker (Trail Trips 13, 5, 8 and 7) continues up the canyon. There is here a government telephone (Central 1 ring). The new location of a refreshmentr stand and rest house in the vicinity is indicatedr by a sign.r

r Our trail turns right and crosses a small bridge,r thence turning southwest to the top of Nevada Fallsr (Alt. 5910, Height 594 ft.). Nevada isr “snow” in Spanish and replaces the old Indianr name Yo-wy-we. Note especially the shootingr spray rockets. These are most wonderful whenr painted by first rays of sunshine at 7.30 to 8 a. m.r Many claim that, looking down from the rim, ther Nevada is the valley’s most fascinating and beautifulr r r fall. Above this point the river was called byr the Yosemite Tribe “Yo-wy-we-ack,” or ther “twisting rock” branch.r

r Crossing the river just above the falls, the trailr climbs abruptly 700 feet by switchbacks. At ther summit the Mono Meadow and Merced Pass Trailr up Illilouette Creek turns left (Trail Trip 23).r Our trail turns right and follows ther rim of Panorama Cliff almost level for about oner mile to Panorama Point (Alt. 6224). From herer is a fine view of Royal Arches, Washington Columnr and North Dome across the head ofr Yosemite Valley, and of Half Dome and Grizzly Peakr to the right. The trail descends 400 feet tor the top of Illilouette Falls (Alt. 5850, Fallr 370 ft.). Good fishing is reported in upper lllilouette Creek.r Exploration up this canyon will wellr repay those interested in glacial phenomena.r

r Climbing out of the Illilouette Canyon, ther trail runs north thru open forest. The fallen treesr and prostrate bushes are caused by snow-slidesr from Illilouette Ridge above (Alt. 8250. Finer view from summit). As the trail climbs, the viewr of Mt. Starr King, Mt. Clark and the High Sierrar gradually unfolds. The trail joining fromr the south leads to Buena Vista Lake andr Royal Arch Lake (Trail Trip 22). From one point in ther ascent is an especially good profile of Half Domer across the canyon. Following along granite ledgesr the trail passes Glacier Point Hotel (Alt. 7200),r from which is a most comprehensive panorama ofr the High Sierra. Accommodations are excellentr and one should remain here over night if possibler to see the sunrise. Glacier Point and the overhangingr rock are about 200 yards beyond ther hotel. This lookout point was called Patill'imar by the Yosemite Tribe. From here we obtainr what is without doubt the vastest and most awe-inspiringr r r view readily accessible to tourists. Ther valley floor is 3250 feet below. An inclined shaftr elevator thru solid granite from the foot of ther cliff is being planned. For trips from Glacierr Point see Trail Trips 16 to 23.r

r The descent from Glacier Point to Yosemite isr generally made by the Short Trail (5 miles, 1 1/2-hour walk). From the hotel the trail followsr westward along the canyon wall. Rounding ar point we get an excellent profile view of ther Gates of the Valley with Sentinel Rock at the leftr and El Capitan at the right. Descending 900 feetr by switchbacks thru a forest of fir, sugar pine, yellowr pine, Douglas fir and incense cedar, we reachr Union Point (Alt. 6314—2350 feet above ther valley floor). There is here a refreshment standr where cooling drinks and light lunches may ber obtained. A short distance from the point is ar shelter cabin and a government telephone (Centralr 1 ring).r

r Descending past Agassiz Column, a huger balancing shaft of granite, the trail zigzags downr the mountain side, emerging at several vantager points from which are obtained especially finer views of Half Dome and the north end of the valley.r The character of the forest now changes, oaksr and laurel entering to replace the diminishing fir.r The trail terminates at the foot of Sentinel Rockr at the site of the old Camp Awahnee and the morer ancient Indian village of Loi'-ah. Yosemite isr 1.3 miles distant by road to the right. During ther season a regular auto-bus service is maintainedr between this and other valley points.r

r TRAIL TRIP 2r
r YOSEMITE TO GLACIER POINT via THEr SHORT TRAIL AND RETURN viar VERNAL AND NEVADA FALLSr
r Reverse of Trail Trip 1r

r (16 miles—8 hours)r

r The Glacier Point excursion is a most scenicr one-day trip and this is the most widely used ofr Yosemite trails. Parties are advised to take ther reverse of this trip (Trail Trip 1) thereby obtaining views of the falls which are unnoticed on ther down trip. The ascent is also more gradual andr therefore less tiring.r

r The Short Trail to Glacier Point starts fromr the Bridalveil Road 1.3 miles west of Yosemiter at the site of old Camp Awahnee and of the morer ancient Indian village of Loi'-ah. Turning southwardr we ascend abruptly thru a dense forest ofr oak, mountain laurel, scattered pines, cedarr and Douglas fir. As the trail climbs rapidly byr switchbacks, broad-leaved trees disappear, theirr places being taken by sugar pines and true firsr from above. Frequently the trail emerges atr vantage points from which are obtained especiallyr fine views of Half Dome and the north end of ther valley. A climb of 2350 feet takes us past ar balancing shaft of granite, Agassiz Column, tor Union Point (Alt. 6314). At this fine viewpointr are a government shelter cabin and telephoner (Central 1 ring.)r

r The remaining 900-foot climb to Glacier Pointr is thru a dense forest with some vast views to ther northeast. A short level stretch near the endr leads to Glacier Point (Alt. 7214). The viewr from the vicinity of the overhanging rock is withoutr doubt the vastest and most awe-inspiring sightr r r readily accessible to tourists. The Yosemiter Tribe called this lookout point Patill'ima. Yosemite is 3250 feet below. An inclined shaft elevator thru solid granite from the foot of the cliff isr being planned. For trips from Glacier Point seer Trail Trips 16 to 23.r

r The Glacier Point Hotel and cottages are butr 200 yards distant. The panorama of the High Sierrar from the hotel balcony is especially fine.r Accommodations are excellent and it is recommended that the tourist remain over night ifr possible to see the sunrise.r

r Passing the hotel the trail descends graduallyr along granite ledges revealing a most impressiver profile of Half Dome across the canyon. Duringr the descent into the canyon of the Illilouette several patches of fallen trees and prostrate brushr are passed. These are caused by the frequentr snow slides from the Illilouette Ridge abover (Alt. 8250. Fine view). At a trail forks, ther Buena Vista Trail (Trail Trip 22) branchesr south up the Illilouette Canyon. An abruptr descent by zigzags takes us to a point from whichr is obtained a good view of the lace-like Illilouette Fall.r The name is a corruption of the old Indianr name Too-tool-a-we-ack. A few feet below we stopr at the lip of the fall (Alt. 5850). The canyonr above abounds in glacial phenomena and will wellr repay a side trip for those interested in geology.r Fishing is good up the canyon.r

r A climb of 375 feet takes us to Panorama Pointr (Alt. 6224), from which is an imposing viewr of the upper end of the valley and the mouth ofr Tenaya Canyon. To the right is the sheer edger of Panorama Cliff, along which our trail nowr follows almost level for about a mile. In the canyon below can be seen our route of about twor hours hence. At a trail forks the Mono Meadowr r r and Merced Pass Trail (Trail Trip 23) turnsr right into the Illilouette Creek Basin.r

r Now begins an abrupt descent of 700 feet byr switchbacks to the Merced River which, abover this point, was called by the Yosemite Tribe ther Yo-wy-we-ack or “twisting rock” branch. Ar few steps from the bridge is the top of Nevada Fallsr (Alt. 5910, Drop 594 ft.). Nevada is Spanishr for snow and replaces the old Indian name Yo-wy-we.r Many claim that the view from the overhanging ledge is the most fascinating water-vistar of Yosemite. Note especially the shooting sprayr rockets. These are most wonderful when paintedr by the first rays of sunshine at 7:30 to 8 a. m.r

r About a quarter of a mile upstream the trailr crosses a small bridge and is joined by ther Clouds Rest, Sunrise, Lake Merced and Little Yosemite Trailr (Trail Trips 5, 8, 7 and 13). Herer is a government telephone (Central 1 ring). Fishing is good about two miles upstream inr Little Yosemite. In the following abrupt 500-footr descent by zigzags some fine profile views ofr Nevada Falls are obtained. When white men firstr visited Yosemite part of the Merced cascadedr down the steep slope where the trail is now built.r As the trail crosses Snow Flat at the foot of Nevada Falls, the ruins of the old “La Casa Nevada,”r or “Snow House,” are seen at the right of the trail.r The old register, which dates back to 1871, is inr the Yosemite Museum. Liberty Cap (Alt. 7072),r which the Indians called Mah'ta or “Martyrr Mountain,” towers above to the right. It may ber ascended from the east and good rock climbersr will find an interesting scramble up the deep defiler between this dome and Mount Broderick (Alt.r 6705) just northward. The talus of huge rocksr above the trail fell from the face of Liberty Capr in 1918.r

r A bridge across the Merced takes us directlyr over the Diamond Cascade. Below is the Silver Apron.r From the bridge upstream is fair fishing.r A short distance beyond the crossing is a forksr where the main or “horse trail” turns to the leftr and climbs 350 feet up the canyon wall in orderr to pass Vernal Falls. Pedestrians should turn to ther right and take the far more scenic Mist Trail,r thereby saving a half hour and several hundredr feet climb. Following down the river we pass ther Silver Apron and Waterwheel, below which is ar perfect glacial tarn called Emerald Pool. Nearr its mouth is the rim of Vernal Falls (Alt. 5049,r Drop 317 ft.). From behind the natural breast-high granite parapet we have another excellentr outlook. The fall was called by the Indians Yan-o-pah,r or “water cloud,” which term was alsor applied to the canyon below. By climbing alongr the rim southeast of the falls we find a ladder andr hanging trail descending to a grotto, from which isr a good view of Glacier Point.r

r Nearer the fall the Mist Trail suddenly dropsr over the edge of the cliff and follows down a steep,r narrow ledge which is well guarded by chains andr iron posts. From here and from the zigzags justr below we obtain excellent profiles of the fall. Wer now enter the mist, passing down thru a luxuriousr growth of grasses and flowers, which caused ther fall to be given its present name. Between 10 andr 12 a. m. the beautiful circular rainbows mayr here be seen. Use extreme caution on slipperyr wet rocks! Following around the base of a cliffr on a narrow ledge, the trail again enters a forestr and parallels the river. We stop at Lady Franklin Rock,r where is obtained one of the best vistasr of the falls (good photograph). A short distancer downstream the two trails reunite just beforer crossing Vernal Bridge, from which is a goodr r r distant view of the falls. In the canyon belowr was the old Indian camp of Ap'-poo-meh.r

r The trail now mounts about 200 feet above ther riotous Merced and in rounding the base ofr Grizzly Peak offers a clear perception of the deepr recess below Illilouette Falls.r

r Again approaching the river we pass a springr and water trough where the Sierra Point Trailr (Trail Trip 12) joins from the right. The Happy Isles Bridger on the main road is a quarter of ar mile distant. We have the choice of descendingr by the main trail or crossing the foot-log to Happy Isles,r and thence by several bridges and footpaths to the main road.r

r The road to the right leads to Mirror Lake. Wer turn left. Camp Curry is one mile distant andr Yosemite Village 2.3 miles.r

r TRAIL TRIP 3r
r YOSEMITE TO NORTH DOME via YOSEMITE FALLS AND RETURN viar MIRROR LAKEr
r Reverse of Trail Trip 4r

r (19.5 miles—10 hours)r

r The North Dome trip is a strenuous one-dayr climb and should be taken as follows rather thanr Trail Trip 4, thus avoiding the hot ascent of ther Mirror Lake zigzags. One should start early,r reaching the top of the falls before the heat becomes excessive.r

r The Yosemite Falls Trail was built in ther early days and operated as a toll trail. It leavesr the road a short distance west of Yosemite Lodge.r In the first mile we ascend by sharp zig-zagsr r r thru a shady grove of golden oak and laurel,r emerging above into the open and climbing graniter ledges to Columbia Point (Alt. 5031). Fromr here is a splendid view, especially of the upper endr of the valley. Turning north, the trail ascendsr a few feet and then follows along a granite ledger beautifully shaded by oaks, laurel, Douglas firr and pines. At the left of the trail about a quarter ofr a mile above Columbia Point is a spring. A short,r rather steep descent takes us to Valley View, ar lookout point a short distance to the right of ther trail, from which is an excellent view of the valleyr and the Upper Yosemite Fall. Skirting the baser of an almost perpendicular cliff at the left, ther trail approaches the foot of the upper fall andr bears to the left. From this point it is possible tor leave the trail and climb to the foot of the upperr fall, entering the cave under its base except duringr high water. The climb is dangerous because ofr slippery rocks.r

r By switchbacks the trail ascends the steep sloper west of the falls, crossing a small stream after ar quarter-mile climb. During the hour ascent of ther zigzags, Mount Clark (Alt. 11,506), Gray Peakr (Alt. 11,581) and other High Sierra summits mayr be seen to the southeast. Across the canyon arer Glacier Point and Sentinel Dome. At a trailr junction 100 feet beyond the canyon rim is a government telephone (Central 1 ring). Here ther Eagle Peak and Yosemite Creek Trails continuer straight ahead (Trail Trips 9, 10 and 11).r Our trail turns to the right and crosses a smallr stream. Just beyond, the main trail passes overr a low rise. A branch to the left follows southr along the open ridge for a short distance to ther top of the falls. From the railed lookout point,r peering into the chasm below we see what Muirr describes as one of the most impressive phenomenar r r of the valley. Retracing our route to the mainr trail and turning left, we cross Yosemite Creekr and climb 300 feet on the further side, thence turningr southward. A short trail to the rim takes usr to Yosemite Point (Alt. 6935), from which is ar vast view of the valley and the High Sierra. Ther granite spire at the right and just below is “Le Hammo,”r the Lost Arrow of one of the most beautiful Yosemite Indian legends.r

r Returning to the main trail we climb parallelr to the eastern rim of the cliff. To the right arer Castle Cliffs and the flat summit of North Domer beyond. After a climb of 400 feet the trail crossesr a ridge and traverses a dense forest of fir and pine,r descending 400 feet and crossing Indian Creek.r Directly south is Indian Canyon, called by ther Yosemite Tribe “Le Hamite,” because of ther arrowwood which grew there. Their main trail intor Yosemite followed along the precipitous east sider of the canyon.r

r The Little Winkle Branch of Indian Creekr is crossed a half mile beyond the main stream, andr here the Snow Flat Trail continues upstream.r Turning to the right, our trail passes thru a fir forestr about one mile to Indian Ridge, which it followsr south over disintegrating granite and thru stuntedr forest to the rounded summit of North Domer (Alt. 7531). The view is most comprehensive andr the sheer vertical wall of Half Dome gives anr impression of massiveness nowhere else obtained.r To the north of the trail near the summit isr Slipper Rock.r

r In returning to Yosemite we take all main trailsr to the right. Retracing our path up Indian Ridger it is possible to follow the trail back to ther East or Little Winkle Fork of Indian Creek,r and turn right on the Snow Flat Trail, but ther better and the shorter way is to follow the plainr r r blazes which turn to the right about a half miler from the North Dome summit and just west of ther crest of Indian Ridge. Running thru a beautifulr forest this trail joins the main Snow Flat Trailr at the Little Winkle Branch of Indian Creekr just west of Indian Rock.r

r It is also possible to leave the trail and follow upr Indian Ridge from North Dome, gradually bearingr to the right of Indian Rock and intersectingr the main Mirror Lake Trail near the top of ther zigzags.r

r Our trail follows up the East orr Little Winkle Branch of Indian Creek, at the source of whichr the Porcupine Flat Trail branches to the left.r The Mirror Lake Trail swings north of Indian Rock,r and descends east to a branch of Snow Creek,r passing Snow Creek Falls. Furtherr down Snow Creek is the junction with ther Lake Tenaya Trail (Trail Trips 5 and 6). Turningr right we further descend Snow Creek and pass overr the rim of the canyon between Basket Domer (Alt. 7602) at the right and Mt. Watkins (Alt.r 8235) at the left. In the next one and a half milesr a descent of 2500 feet is made by 108 switchbacks,r to the floor of Tenaya Canyon. Following downr the canyon one mile, the trail joins the road atr Mirror Lake. Yosemite is three miles distantr by road.r

r TRAIL TRIP 4r
r YOSEMITE TO NORTH DOME via MIRRORr LAKE AND RETURN via YOSEMITEr FALLS TRAILr
r Reverse of Trail Trip 3r

r (19.5 miles—10 hours)r

r This is a strenuous one-day climb. The advantage of taking the trip as follows and seeing ther sunrise at Mirror Lake is more than offset byr physical penalty of climbing the hot and steepr Tenaya Trail zigzags. The trip is better takenr in the reverse direction (Trail Trip 3). If the followingr route is adhered to, it is best to leaver Yosemite as early as possible, carrying a canteenr which should be filled about three-quarters of ar mile above Mirror Lake.r

r Mirror Lake is three miles distant by roadr from Yosemite. Here our trail leaves the end ofr the road and skirts the west shore. Following upr the canyon beneath the dense forest about oner mile we suddenly turn left and start the 2500-footr ascent. From the 108 switchbacks are many finer views. After a long, tiresome climb the trailr passes over the canyon rim between Mt. Watkinsr (Alt. 8235) at the right and Basket Dome (Alt.r 7602) at the left. A short distance takes us tor Snow Creek, which cascades beautifully furtherr down its rough canyon. Turning upstream wer soon arrive at a trail fork where the Tenaya Lake Trailr (Trail Trip 6) turns right. We turnr left, following up the west branch about a miler further. In high water Snow Creek Falls isr especially attractive. The trail now makes a wider detour to the north of Indian Rock (Alt. 8526).r If desirable, pedestrains may leave the trail andr r r climb to its summit, from which are good views,r thence following south down the long open ridger to the summit of North Dome.r

r The trail keeps at a lower elevation, passing thrur almost level fir forests and meadows with a charming diversity of wild flowers and trees. Graduallyr bearing southward our trail follows down ther East or Little Winkle Branch of Indian Creekr from its source. The main Snow Flat Trailr continues down this stream, but we turn left on ther plainly blazed cut-off trail to North Dome.r Passing thru the dense forests on the west flank ofr Indian Ridge, we finally emerge on the openr disintegrated granite at the crest of the long sloper leading southward to North Dome. Here ther Yosemite Falls Trail joins from the west.r The rounded summit of North Dome (Alt.r 7531) is now easily reached by a walk thru ther open forest and over granite pavements, whichr here exhibit very well the geological phenomenon of exfoliation or weathering in concentricr shells. Near the summit and to the north of ther trail is Slipper Rock. From the top is a vast outlook,r especially westward toward the Gates of the Valleyr and eastward where the great wall ofr Half Dome dominates the entire landscape. Ther floor of Yosemite Valley is partly hidden by ther projecting Royal Arch Cliff. Daring rockr climbers who have made the descent to the edger describe this dizzy precipice as one of the mostr impressive in the park.r

r In returning to Yosemite we take all main trailsr to the left. Retracing our path for about half ar mile up Indian Ridge, we turn westward. Oner mile more thru dense forest takes us past a smallr stream and to the Little Winkle Branch ofr Indian Creek, where the main Snow Flat Trailr joins from upstream. The steep canyonr r r below was called “Le Hamite” by the Yosemiter Indians because of the arrowwood which grewr there. Their main trail into Yosemite followedr along the precipitous east wall of the canyon.r

r A climb of 400 feet thru the forest now takes usr to the summit of a long ridge which we followr southward, finally paralleling the edge of a deepr precipice just westward from Castle Cliffs andr emerging abruptly at Yosemite Point (Alt.r 6935). This is one of the justly famous viewpointsr of Yosemite and offers a remarkable combinationr of depths and distances. The granite spire justr below and at the right is the Lost Arrow, ther “Le Hammel” of the Yosemite Tribe, the story ofr which is one of their most charming legends.r

r Returning a short distance to the main trail wer descend to Yosemite Creek. On the open ridger just beyond the crossing is a secondary trail whichr leads to the rim of the Upper Yosemite Fall, ar few hundred feet distant. The wonderful viewr from this point is most thrillingly described byr Muir.r

r Returning to the main trail we cross a smallr stream where is the junction with ther Yosemite Creek, Eagle Peak and Ten Lakes Trailsr (Trail Trips 11, 9 and 10). There is here a governmentr telephone (Central 1 ring). Turning left wer descend abruptly 1600 feet by sharp, dusty switchbacks, finally skirting the bottom of the almostr vertical cliff west of the falls. At this point oner can leave the trail and climb to the foot of ther upper fall, in times of low water even enteringr the cave beneath its base. The climb is dangerousr because of the slippery rocks.r

r The trail now passes southward along a graniter ledge beneath the shade of oaks and laurel. Ar short steep descent at the left of the trail takesr us to Valley View, an excellent lookout point.r r r Less than one-half mile further is Columbia Pointr (Alt. 5031) from which is a particularlyr wide and effective panorama. The followingr 2000-foot descent to the floor of Yosemite Valleyr is first along granite ledges among scatteredr Douglas firs and golden oaks, and finally beneathr the dense laurel and oak forests of the lower talusr slopes. At the foot of the trail is the El Capitan Road.r Auto busses run between this and otherr valley points on half-hour service. Yosemite Lodger is a short distance eastward and Yosemite Villager is about three-quarters of a mile distantr via Yosemite Lodge and the foot-bridge.r

r TRAIL TRIP 5r
r YOSEMITE TO TENAYA LAKE via CLOUDSr REST AND FORSYTH PASS ANDr RETURN via MIRROR LAKEr
r Reverse of Trail Trip 6r

r (32.25 miles—2-day trip)r

r Owing to the stupendous mountain scenery andr the charming diversity of meadows and forestsr thru which this trail passes, it deserves to ber ranked among the most scenic of Yosemite Trails.r Two days should be taken for the trip. Excellentr accommodations will be found at Tenaya Laker Lodge, but reservations should be made in advancer from Yosemite.r

r From Yosemite we take the road past Camp Curryr to Happy Isles Bridge. Here we turn tor the right on the main Glacier Point Trail andr follow Trail Trip 1 as far as the trail junction atr the top of the Nevada Falls zigzags. At thisr point we turn left, rising rather abruptly aboutr r r 200 feet and then following up the north bank ofr the Merced river. About a half mile takes us to ar junction where the Little Yosemite Trail (Trail Trip 13)r continues on up the Little Yosemite Valley.r Our trail turns to the left uphill andr mounts by switchbacks thru a dense stand ofr pine, fir and cedar. A climb of 1000 feet in oner and a half miles takes us to the junction wherer the Half Dome Trail (Trail Trip 14) turns to ther left. Our trail turns right along a gently inclinedr bench and in one-half mile again branches. Tor the right is the Sunrise Trail (Trail Trip 8). Byr taking this trail and branching north on the cut-off route about two miles further, some distancer can be saved by those who do not wish to visitr Clouds Rest.r

r The main trail, which turns to the left, shouldr be followed. It continues the climb towards ther northeast. About half a mile westward are ther two Quarter Domes (Alt. 8160 and 8276). Atr an altitude of 8200 we pass a spring. Above thisr the trail rises sharply by zigzags to the base of ther Pinnacles (Alt. 9451). A climb of a few hundredr feet along their east flank takes us near the summitr of Clouds Rest (Alt. 9924). A short branchr trail up the steep and rocky slope leads to ther crest, from which is a vast view in all directions.r This is the highest of the Yosemite Valleyr summits.r

r We descend again to the trail, which turnsr northeast and follows along the canyon rim, keeping generally just east of the crest. In two milesr the cut-off trail from Little Yosemite joins fromr the right. After gradually bearing to the left,r now on the Tenaya Canyon slope, we pass a smallr lake at the right of the trail. The lake containsr no fish, but upstream one mile is Mildred Laker (Alt. 9600), in which are some very large trout.r

r Traversing Forsyth Pass, the picturesque trailr now descends 1000 feet in the next two and a halfr miles over rough granite to the rocky meadowsr just below Lake Tenaya (Alt. 8141). This large,r deep glacial lake is beautifully surrounded byr granite crags and domes. Its Indian name, Py-we-ack,r meant “lake of the glistening rocks,”r referring to the glacier-polished granite at itsr upper end. The lake and the peak to the eastr were renamed “Tenaya” when the last remnantr of Chief Tenaya’s Yosemite Tribe was capturedr here by the Mariposa Battalion on June 5, 1851.r There is here good camping, and pasturage seemsr abundant, but horses do not like it and shouldr therefore be hobbled to prevent straying. Ther lake was stocked with Loch Leven trout in 1911 andr with rainbow, eastern brook, black spotted and steelhead in 1917, 1918 and 1919, but fishing is only fair.r Crossing the meadows at the outlet our trail joinsr the Tioga Road, which follows the western marginr of the lake to the Tenaya Lake Lodge, aboutr one and a half miles distant, where good accommodations will be found. The road continues up ther canyon to Tuolumne Meadows seven and a halfr miles distant, and to Mono Lake.r

r From Tenaya Lake to Mirror Lake are twor trails, which unite after about two and a half miles.r The first of these starts from the road just beyondr the sharp bend about one and a quarter miles fromr the lake and bears southwest thru the forest. Ther other, which is far more scenic, crosses the meadowr and park-like forest below the lake, passing ar beautiful little unnamed lake where good campsites and horse-feed will be found, but no fishing.r Beyond this is a gradual 300-foot ascent along anr open ridge. Below is the deep chasm of the inaccessibler and little known Tenaya Canyon.r The unbroken granite abutments of Clouds Restr r r sweep down almost 4000 feet. After each snowstorm these cliffs shed avalanche after avalanche.r At about two and a half miles from Tenaya Laker the less scenic trail from the Tioga Road joins fromr the right. Descending southwest thru timberr the trail passes Hidden Lake (Alt. 8400—picturesque but no fishing) which is to the left of ther trail but invisible without making a detour. Aboutr two miles further is Tenmile Meadow (Alt.r 8400) on a small tributary of Tenaya Creek.r This is a good place to noon. There is here finer horse-feed, also good campsites, but no fishing.r

r An abrupt climb of 650 feet now takes us over ar spur ridge and to the source of the east branch ofr Snow Creek. There is here a small meadow atr the left of the trail, where good horse-feed and campsites will be found. A 1500-foot descent by zigzags thru scattered timber takes us down a sider canyon to Snow Creek, across which is a foot-log. About 300 yards beyond the crossing, ther North Dome Trail (Trail Trip 4) turns northwestr and follows up the west branch of Snow Creek.r We turn left, passing thru a beautiful forest ofr Jeffrey pine, lodgepole pine and fir. Fishing isr fair, but the trout are small. About one miler below the crossing we suddenly emerge at the rimr of the canyon between Mt. Watkins (Alt. 8235)r at the left and Basket Dome (Alt. 7602) at ther right. The following abrupt descent of 2500 feetr by 108 switchbacks takes us to the bottom ofr Tenaya Canyon. Turning downstream ourr trail enters a dense forest of oaks, laurel, pine andr cedar. One mile of almost level path takes us tor Mirror Lake, where we skirt the west shore tor the end of the road. Yosemite is three miles distant by road.r

r TRAIL TRIP 6r
r YOSEMITE TO TENAYA LAKE via MIRRORr LAKE AND RETURN via FORSYTHr PASS AND CLOUDS RESTr
r Reverse of Trail Trip 5r

r (32.25 miles—2-day trip)r r

r Tenaya Lake is one of the gems of the Highr Sierra. The very scenic two-day round tripr from Yosemite is too long and strenuous to ber attempted in one day. Excellent accommodationsr will be found at Tenaya Lake Lodge, but reservations should be made in advance by telephone.r If the trip is to be taken in the following directionr one should start early to avoid the intense heat ofr the zigzags above Mirror Lake. Water shouldr be carried.r

r The trail starts at Mirror Lake, three milesr from Yosemite. One should plan to see sunriser there (about 8 a. m. in summer). Skirting the westr shore the trail follows up the canyon about oner mile, thru a dense forest of oak, laurel, yellow pine,r Douglas fir and incense cedar. Then begins ar long, hard climb of 2500 feet up 108 switchbacksr (one and a half miles—two hours).r

r Above the rim of the canyon the trail followsr the west bank of Snow Creek. Fishing is fairr but the trout small. Further down stream arer picturesque cascades. After passing thru a forestr of Jeffrey pine, lodgepole pine and fir for about oner mile the trail to North Dome and Tioga Roadr (Trail Trip 4) branches to the left. Our trail turnsr right and crosses Snow Creek (foot-log) aboutr 300 yards beyond. We then climb 1500 feet byr zigzags up an east branch of Snow Creek thrur scattered timber. At the headwaters of thisr r r creek is a small meadow at the right of the trail,r a good campsite with forage fairly abundant.r

r Rising over a spur ridge, the trail drops abruptlyr about 650 feet to Tenmile Meadow (Alt. 8400)r on a small tributary of Tenaya Creek. This is ar good place to noon. It is a fine camp and horse-feed is abundant, but there is no fishing. Climbing to the northeast thru timber the trail passesr Hidden Lake (Alt. 8400-picturesque, but nor fishing), which is a short distance to the right ofr the trail but not visible from it. About two and ar half miles beyond Tenmile Meadow the trail forks.r The left branch leads to the Tioga Road, aboutr one mile distant, which may then be followed tor Lake Tenaya. The trail to the right is far morer scenic. It follows an open granite ridge revealingr the wonderfully glaciated canyon below andr Clouds Rest opposite. Down the canyon arer Half Dome and the head of Yosemite Valley.r Descending about 300 feet the trail passes a beautiful little unnamed lake, where are good campsites and abundant pasturage, but no fishing.r From here the trail traverses almost level meadowsr and a scattered forest of lodgepole pine one mile tor Lake Tenaya (Alt. 8141). This large, deep glacialr lake is beautifully surrounded by granite crags andr domes and is a splendid place for a permanentr camp. Its Indian name was Py-we-ack, or “laker of the glistening rocks,” because of the glacier-polished granite pavements near the north end.r On June 5, 1851, when the last remnant of oldr Chief Tenaya’s Yosemite Tribe was captured herer by the Mariposa Battalion, the lake and the dominant pyramidal peak at the east were renamedr “Tenaya.” Forage is abundant in the vicinity butr it is not liked by horses, so stock should be hobbled.r The lake was stocked with Loch Leven trout inr 1911 and with rainbow, eastern brook, blackr r r spotted and steelhead in 1917, 1918 and 1919, butr fishing is only fair. The Tioga Road followsr around the western margin of the lake to Tenaya Lake Lodge,r about one and a half miles distant,r where good accommodations will be found. Ther road continues up the canyon to Tuolumne Meadows,r seven and a half miles distant, andr to Mono Lake.r

r Our return trail starts just below the lake.r Crossing the meadow it mounts the east sloper steadily climbing 1000 feet up the rough graniter to Forsyth Pass, two and a half miles distant.r Fine views are obtained all along the trail. Nearr the summit a small shallow lake can be seen eastr of the trail. By leaving the trail and following upr the small stream about one mile, Mildred Laker (Alt. 9600) can be reached. This little lake contains some very large trout. From Forsyth Passr the trail follows southwest along the rim of Tenayar Canyon about two miles and then forks. Ther trail to the left descends thru timber about threer miles and joins the Sunrise Trail, making ther shortest route to Yosemite. The trail to the rightr leads to Clouds Rest and is far more scenic thanr the cut-off. It follows just east of the canyon rimr for about two miles and joins the Clouds Rest Trail.r A short, steep ascent by foot over roughr granite takes us to Clouds Rest (Alt. 9925), ther highest point near Yosemite. From here is a vastr panorama to all sides. Returning to the trail wer descend thru stunted forest and rough granite.r To the right are The Pinnacles (Alt. 9451). Ther trail descends about 1000 feet by switchbacks tor a spring. Quarter Domes (Alt. 8160 and 8276)r are half a mile west on the canyon rim. The trailr descends thru denser and denser forest. A shortr distance below, the Sunrise Trail joins from ther east. After trending westward along a bench ther r r trail is joined from the northwest by the Half Dome Trail.r Descending thru the pine forest,r we now and then are treated to glimpses ofr Mt. Starr King across Little Yosemite. Aboutr one-third of a mile takes us to another junction wherer a branch trail turns left descending 400 feet intor Little Yosemite. The main trail passes to ther right of a granite knob and reaches the floor ofr Little Yosemite Valley near the lower end,r where it is joined by a trail from up the canyon.r Turning right we pass Liberty Cap and after ar 200-foot descent join the main Glacier Point Trailr at the top of Nevada Falls. There is here ar government telephone (Central 1 ring). We turnr right. Yosemite is six miles distant via Trailr Trip 2.r

r TRAIL TRIP 7r
r YOSEMITE TO LAKE MERCEDr

r (16.5 miles—6 hours)r

r The round trip from Yosemite to Merced Laker is an exceedingly scenic two-day excursion. Oner should telephone in advance for accommodationsr at the Merced Lake Lodge. Pedestrians mayr save an hour’s hard climb by taking the Mistr Trail to the top of Vernal Falls. An excellentr three-day trip may be made by combining Trailr Trips 7 and 6. First day: Lake Merced. Secondr day: Clouds Rest and Lake Tenaya via Forsythr Pass. Third day: Yosemite via the summit ofr North Dome and Yosemite Falls Trail.r

r From Yosemite we take the road on the southr side of the valley past Camp Curry to Happy Isles Bridge.r Here we turn right on the mainr Glacier Point Trail and follow Trail Trip 1 to ther r r junction at the top of the Nevada Falls switchbacks.r The Glacier Point Trail (Trail Trip 1)r turns right and crosses a small bridge. We taker the left-hand trail, which rises about 200 feet andr follows up the Merced River. About half a miler beyond, the Little Yosemite Trail (Trail Trip 13)r continues up the canyon. The main trail turnsr to the left and zigzags upward thru a dense standr of pine, fir and cedar. A climb of about 800 feetr in one and a half miles takes us to the junctionr with the Half Dome Trail (Trail Trip 14), whichr branches left. Our trail turns eastward along ar gently sloping bench. After a quarter of a miler the Clouds Rest Trail (Trail Trip 5) continuesr to climb to the left. The Merced Lake Trailr turns right, fording a small creek and thence followingr up the west bank of Sunrise Creek,r crossing about a mile above to the east bank.r About half a mile above the crossing is Hopkins Meadow,r where the Sunrise Trail to Tuolumne Meadowsr (Trail Trip 8) branches to the left.r

r We turn right, passing thru almost level openr granite country for the next two miles where wer obtain grand views of Little Yosemite, of ther deep canyon of the Merced, and of Mt. Clark andr Mt. Starr King toward the south. Descendingr some short, steep switchbacks the trail again becomes almost level and passes the picturesquer little Duck Lake at the right of the trail. Risingr a few feet we now descend abruptly intor Echo Creek Canyon, crossing Echo Creek about ar quarter of a mile from the Merced River. Here atr Echo Valley are good campsites, excellent feedr and fine fishing. Echo Creek was stocked in 1905r with eastern brook trout. Steelhead and Germanr brown trout will also be found in the river. Ther old “Merced Lake Trail,” which is shown on ther U. S. G. S. map as ascending Echo Creek is inr r r very poor condition and is no longer used. Fromr Echo Valley the trail climbs about 100 feet over ar granite spur, in the ascent passing thru a beautifulr forest of western yellow pine. Following for oner mile along the glaciated granite slope, the trailr parallels the river, which here descends in a seriesr of rapids, cascades and low falls.r

r We arrive finally at Lake Merced (Alt. 7300).r This is one of the most accessible and well knownr of the lakes in Yosemite’s High Sierra. At itsr shores and along the entire seven-mile canyonr above are ideal camping places. Horse-feed isr abundant above the lake. Fishing is excellent inr both lake and river. The lake contains Lochr Leven, German brown and rainbow trout. Rowboats may be hired at fifty cents per hour or $2.50r per day. Merced Lake is undoubtedly the bestr base-camp for trips thruout the entire upperr watershed of the Merced River.r

r The trail skirts the north edge of the lake, passing into a beautiful forest of sugar pine and western yellow pine at the upper end. Just above ther lake is Merced Lake Lodge, with excellent accommodations. One may here rent a fishingr outfit and some supplies may be obtained. Washburn Lake is three miles further up the canyon.r

r TRAIL TRIP 8r
r YOSEMITE TO TUOLUMNE MEADOWSr via SUNRISE TRAILr

r (28 miles—12 hours)r

r The Sunrise Trail has long been famous as oner of the most scenic routes between Yosemite andr Tuolumne Meadows. The walk is almost too longr to be enjoyed in one day and is better taken in two.r

r From Yosemite Village we follow the road southr of the river, past Camp Curry to Happy Islesr Bridge. There we turn left on the Glacier Point Trailr and follow Trail Trip 1 to the junction atr the top of Nevada Falls. Again turning left wer skirt the south base of Liberty Cap and climbr 200 feet to the Little Yosemite Valley. Afterr following along the margin of the placid Mercedr we veer abruptly to the left at the first trail junction.r Straight ahead is Little Yosemite (Trail Trip 13).r Our route mounts the timbered slope to ther northward and we now and then catch glimpsesr of the round dome of Mt. Starr King acrossr Little Yosemite. A climb of 800 feet takes us tor the junction where the Half Dome Trail (Trail Trip 14)r turns northwest. We take the right-handr trail, which trends eastward along a gently slopingr bench. The Clouds Rest Trail (Trail Trip 5)r now branches northward directly up the slope.r

r Our trail bears eastward and shortly crosses ar small branch of Sunrise Creek. The trail nowr follows up the north bank of Sunrise Creek,r crossing about a mile above to the south side.r One-half mile further is Hopkins Meadow and ar junction where the Merced Lake Trailr (Trail Trip 7) turns right. Horse-feed is here moderatelyr abundant and campsites fair. The Sunrise Trailr continues up the canyon and is shortly joined byr the Forsyth Pass Trail from the north (Trail Trip 5).r Reaching the head of Sunrise Creek andr ascending the east flank of Sunrise Mountain byr long sandy zigzags, the trail emerges at several vantager points from which Mt. Clark is most advantageouslyr seen to the south. The trail now leadsr almost level through lodgepole pine and fir forests,r emerging suddenly at the foot of Long Meadow.r To the north is the sharp spire of Columbia Fingerr (Alt. 10,700) and Tenaya Peak (Alt.r r r 10,300) at the left. Horse-feed is abundant herer late in the season but the meadow is generallyr cold. There is no fishing in the creek. Just beyondr the 400-foot ridge to the west is Mildred Lake,r in which are some very large trout.r

r After following up Long Meadow, the trailr rounds the eastern base of Columbia Finger, passing over glaciated granite and thru stunted forests.r The serrate crest of Echo Peak (Alt. 11,100)r towers imposingly at the right across the canyon.r A rise of a few feet takes us over Cathedral Passr (Alt. 9850). Just beyond is a beautiful unnamedr lake above which the spires of Cathedral Peakr rise impressively at the north. Skirting the eastr shore of this little lake at about timber line, ther trail bears northward across a sandy plateaur where white bark pine grows abundantly. To ther west, down the canyon, can be seen the upper endr of Cathedral Lake (Alt. 9250) about one mile distant. Here camping and fishing are good. Ther lake was stocked long ago and re-stocked in 1915r by fish from Tuolumne Meadows. Continuingr around the west flank of Cathedral Peak the trailr gradually bears northeast, descending into denserr forests of lodgepole pine, fir and hemlock. To ther left can be seen the summit of Fairview Domer (Alt. 9250) about one mile distant. A gradualr descent through the dense forest, which is especiallyr noted for its many beautiful mountainr hemlocks, takes us finally to the south edge ofr Tuolumne Meadows, where the trail joins ther Tioga Road. The ranger camp and Sierra Clubr Lodge are about one mile east.r

r TRAIL TRIP 9r
r YOSEMITE TO EAGLE PEAK, EL CAPITANr AND GENTRYr

r (14 miles. Eagle Peak and return, 13 miles—8 hours)r

r The round trip to the summit of Eagle Peakr via Yosemite Falls Trail is one of the most attractive of one-day Yosemite excursions. Fromr the valley to the crest of El Capitan via the Yosemite Falls Trail, returning via Gentry and ther Big Oak Flat Road, is too long and hard a trip tor be attempted in one day except by the most hardened walkers. The trail to Eagle Peak is excellent,r but from that point to the summit of El Capitanr it is in poor condition. From this point along ther north rim to Gentry the route is so overgrown byr brush as to be almost impassable.r

r From Yosemite we follow Trail Trip 3 as farr as the trail junction above the zigzags west of ther Upper Yosemite Fall. Here we continuer straight ahead, paralleling Yosemite Creek, tor another junction a quarter of a mile above. Ther trail to the north leads to Ten Lakes and Hetch Hetchyr (Trail Trips 10 and 11). We turn to ther left, climbing westward near the north bank ofr Eagle Creek over an old terminal moraine. Oner mile from the junction is Eagle Peak Meadowr (Alt. 7200), where are good campsites and forage.r Ascending the creek to its source, the trail continuesr south along the ridge, climbing abruptlyr the last half mile to Eagle Peak (Alt. 7333), oner of Yosemite’s finest lookout points. To the eastr the 3800-foot precipice gives a vast impression ofr depth.r

r About one-third mile from the summit the little-usedr El Capitan Trail branches to the west.r Descending by sharp switchbacks to the head of ar r r small draw, the trail follows the rim westwardr thru a brushy forest, undulating over the flatr divides between several brooklets. Swingingr southward our trail emerges on an open transverser ridge, which it follows a short distance to the summitr of El Capitan (Alt. 7564), from which is a commanding outlook both up and down the valley.r It is possible to carefully descend towards ther southeast to the rim, where a slightly extendingr ledge allows one to peer over the sheer wall of ther 3000-foot cliff.r The old El Capitan Trail to Gentry branchesr to the west about one-third of a mile north fromr the summit and continues thru very brushy countryr along the north rim to Ribbon Creek, aboutr one mile distant. From this point if one is a goodr woodsman and brush-fighter, the old blazes mayr be followed thru a three-mile tangle to the Gentry Checking Stationr on the Big Oak Flat Road.r Yosemite is then 8.1 miles distant by road.r

r TRAIL TRIP 10r
r YOSEMITE TO TEN LAKES viar YOSEMITE CREEKr

r (One way 17 miles—7 hours)r

r The recently constructed Ten Lakes Trailr makes the exceptionally beautiful Ten Lakes Basinr and Grant Lakes easily accessible fromr Yosemite. The round trip is too long to be attempted in one day. The lakes offer most attractive sites for a permanent camp, and severalr of them are well stocked with trout.r

r We follow the Yosemite Falls Trail (Trail Trip 3)r from its beginning just west of Yosemite Lodger to the trail junction at the top of the upperr r r zigzags. Here the Yosemite Point and North Dome Trailr turns right and crosses a small creek.r Those who have not visited the top of the upperr fall should by all means turn aside, for it is but ar short distance—less than five minutes’ walk. Ourr main trail continues straight ahead parallelingr without crossing Yosemite Creek thru a beautifulr mixed forest where the tree-lover will find ar few specimens of western white pine. At aboutr one-quarter mile (4.0 miles from Yosemite) ther Eagle Peak Trail (Trail Trip 9) branches to ther left. We follow up the west margin of the creek,r generally thru dense forests, but emerging at timesr to clatter over polished and striated granite pavementsr where monster mountain junipers grotesquelyr spread their gnarled branches. Greatr “potholes” have been formed by the stream wherer it rushes over the smoothly planed bedrock. Atr a point 3.7 miles above the Eagle Peak Trailr junction the main trail continues to the left upr the west fork (Trail Trip 11). Our trail, whichr turns right and keeps on up the main fork canyon,r is considerably less traveled. In the next 2.3r miles we pass over rough granite up the west bankr of the main stream to the Yosemite Creek Ranger Stationr on the Tioga Road. There isr here a government telephone. Good campsitesr will be found at the crossing a quarter of a miler east of the cabin and fair feed upstream. Fishingr is fair to poor. There are better camps, feed andr fishing about three miles upstream.r

r At the Tioga Road the trail is indistinct. Wer cross the bridge and follow up the east bank ofr Yosemite Creek on the main road until the blazesr are sighted. The first third of a mile is easilyr traversed, but the following one and a quarterr miles are rough. About three miles above ther bridge is a meadow with abundant pasturage.r r r This is a good campsite and fishing is fair upstream. In the next three miles the trail gradually ascends to an elevation of 9200 feet, leavingr Yosemite Creek and passing over the flat divider into the Tuolumne River drainage. At the summit one can leave the trail and walk southeast 1.5r miles to Grant Lakes (Alt. 9500). These are twor beautiful mountain lakes, the upper one being inr a rugged cirque with sheer walls rising above atr the east. Both were stocked in 1917 with rainbowr and eastern brook trout.r

r The Ten Lakes Trail continues north over ther tableland and descends 600 feet by switchbacksr into the Ten Lakes Basin (Alt. about 9400),r seven miles from the Tioga Road. Here are manyr ideal campsites and good forage except earlyr in the season. The lakes were stocked withr eastern brook trout in 1908, 1913, 1915 and 1918r with Loch Leven in 1908, and with steelhead in 1918. Fishing is reported excellent. Ar walk of one and a half miles due north takes usr without climbing to the summit of Grand Mountainr (Alt. 9350), from which is obtained a mostr impressive view of the Grand Canyon of the Tuolumner and Muir Gorge just below. A stillr finer and more comprehensive panorama may ber had from the summit of Colby Mountain (Alt.r 9700) on the canyon rim 2.5 miles northeast fromr Ten Lakes. For this short side trip one shouldr leave the trail just before its descent into ther basin and follow northward on the ridge that jutsr out into the main Tuolumne Canyon.r

r TRAIL TRIP 11r
r YOSEMITE TO HETCH HETCHY via YOSEMITE CREEK, HARDEN LAKEr AND SMITH MEADOWr

r (31 miles—12 hours)r

r From Yosemite to Hetch Hetchy is a long one-day trail trip. The following route is not especially scenic, traversing as it does the rather flatr forested plateau west of Yosemite Creek. Ther country north of the Tioga Road is heavily grazed.r Feed is sometimes scarce on this account, and ther numerous cattle trails are often confusing. Nearr Hetch Hetchy the railroad has obliterated aboutr three miles of trail, making it necessary to followr the railroad grade. Further changes may be expected as the work in Hetch Hetchy advances.r

r From Yosemite we follow Trail Trip 3 to ther trail junction near the top of Yosemite Fallsr zigzags. Here we continue straight ahead upr the west bank of Yosemite Creek, passing beneathr a beautiful forest of Jeffrey pine, white and red fir,r lodgepole pine and scattered western white pine.r At about a quarter mile (four miles from Yosemite)r a trail branches left to Eagle Peak (Trail Trip 9).r In tracing the following few miles up Yosemite Creekr we often cross pavements of glaciatedr granite where will be found some magnificentr specimens of mountain juniper. Note also ther potholes in the creek bed. At three and three-quarters miles from the Eagle Peak Trail Junctionr the Ten Lakes Trail (Trail Trip 10) turns northeast,r following up the main stream. Our trailr turns left and parallels the west branch of Yosemite Creek,r two and a half miles to the Tioga Road,r which we now follow northwestward forr five miles, passing several meadows in which arer r r good horse-feed and campsites. One of the largestr of these meadows is White Wolf. The smallr stream south of the road is the headwaters of ther Middle Fork of the Tuolumne River. There isr here fair fishing but the trout are small.r

r At a point where the road curves to the southwest,r the Harden Lake Trail branches to ther right. About one mile northward is a trail junctionr where the Hetch Hetchy Trail turns westwardr and the Harden Lake and Pate Valley Trailr turns eastward. Harden Lake (Alt. 7575)r is but a few steps distant but invisible from ther Hetch Hetchy Trail. It is small and contains nor trout, but offers an attractive campsite amongr the meadows and park-like forests.r

r From Harden Lake we turn westward and forr six miles ride thru unbroken forest to Smith Meadowr on Cottonwood Creek. Here ther Smith Peak Trail turns northeast. The 1200r foot climb in two miles to Smith Peak (Alt. 7835)r is well worth a side trip, as it offers a superbr panorama. The north slope drops precipitouslyr 4200 feet to the Grand Canyon of the Tuolumne.r At Smith Meadow another trail follows downr Cottonwood Creek and leads to Hog Ranch,r seven miles distant. Our trail turns northeastr and in five miles descends to the San Francisco Railroadr grade, which it intersects about halfwayr between Hog Ranch and Hetch Hetchy. Sincer the trail has here been obliterated it is necessaryr to follow the railroad grade which, with packr animals, is rather dangerous on account of ther possible meeting with a train. Two miles northward at the end of the railroad is the city campr and offices, and a short distance beyond, the damsite. From here a good road descends to the floorr of Hetch Hetchy, about one mile distant.r

r TRAIL TRIP 12r
r YOSEMITE TO SIERRA POINTr

r (4 miles—3 hours—Round trip 1/2 day)r

r For years there was a search for a point in Yosemiter from which the five great waterfalls—r Upper and Lower Yosemite, Vernal, Nevada andr Illilouette—might be seen. The quest was finallyr ended when in 1897 Mr. Charles A. Bailey and ar friend computed the location of such a point byr triangulation. To their surprise it was not one ofr the dominating summits, but occurred rather lowr on the west flank of Grizzly Peak. The first ascentr on June 14, 1897, proved the calculation to be correctr and the crag was named Sierra Point in honorr of the Sierra Club.r

r The trail starts from Happy Isles, which arer 2.3 miles distant from Yosemite. Here we turnr south on the main Vernal and Nevada Falls Trailr or cross Happy Isles by the footpath. Ar quarter mile takes us to a spring and water-trough,r where the Sierra Point Trail branches to the leftr and ascends the flank of Grizzly Peak byr switchbacks. A leisurely ascent may be made inr forty-five minutes. From the point is not only ar good view of the falls but an impressive panorama.r The depths and distances are accentuated by ther promontories being above the observer and ther canyons far below.r

r TRAIL TRIP 13r
r LITTLE YOSEMITEr

r (Round trip, 14 to 20 miles—6 to 12 hours)r

r Little Yosemite, although quite accessibler and most charming in its diversity of scenery,r beauty and absolute restfulness, remains unknownr to most tourists. It deserves at least one day inr one’s Yosemite itinerary. Fishing is reportedr r r good and those interested in geology or botanyr will be well repaid by the trip.r

r Above Nevada Falls the canyon of the Mercedr expands to broad level meadows walled in byr precipitous cliffs 1500 to 2000 feet high. Here inr Little Yosemite are exhibited all of the Yosemiter features—dome structure, exfoliation, glacialr phenomena, “royal arches,” etc., but on a somewhat smaller scale. Even the forests and flowersr are similar, for the altitude is here only 6000 feet—r two thousand feet higher than Yosemite. Ther level floor, which has also resulted from the fillingr in of an ancient lake, is broken in but three placesr by the crests of terminal moraines, which extendr across the valley and cause the Merced to cascader beautifully in “silver aprons.” In three miles ther polished granite walls again converge to form ar narrow canyon from which the river emerges,r plunging over a beautiful cascade and into a picturesque glacial tarn. The most outstandingr scenic feature of the valley is the perfectly formedr Sugarbowl Dome (lately renamed Bunnell Point)r at its head. Lost Lake, near the south base ofr Half Dome, is a swamp part of the season andr later a boggy meadow. It is interesting only asr being in the transition stage between mountainr lake and mountain meadow.r

r Kah-win'-na-bah' was the Indian name for ther valley as well as the large summer camp locatedr there. The river was known as the Yanopah.r

r Little Yosemite is reached by following Trailr Trip 1 to the top of the Nevada Falls zigzags,r thence turning left and following Trail Trip 5 tor the first junction, from which we continue up ther canyon. The head of the canyon is three milesr eastward. The region is an excellent place for ar permanent camp away from the overcrowdedr valley and one may easily arrange at Yosemite forr the delivery here of a camp outfit and supplies.r

r TRAIL TRIP 14r
r HALF DOMEr

r (Round trip, 20 miles—12 hours)r

r From the time Yosemite was discovered, ther mile-high summit of Half Dome was regarded asr unattainable. The few mountaineers who attempted its ascent returned saying it would neverr be climbed. Finally there came a young Scotchman, Captain George C. Anderson, with an irrepressible determination to accomplish the feat.r After all methods of clinging to the smooth,r steeply inclined granite had failed he procuredr drills, hammer and eye-bolts, and set out to reachr the summit by rising from peg to peg. Slowly hisr ladder grew and finally his goal was reached onr October 12, 1875. Anderson was so enthused overr the wonderful dome and the sublime views fromr the summit that he constructed a trail to “Ther Saddle,” from whence his pegs led to the top.r Here he determined to build a hotel, but his untimely death in a lonely cabin in Little Yosemiter prevented its completion.r

r In 1883 the pegs were swept away by a greatr avalanche. Some were later replaced by daringr climbers, but the ascent remained so dangerousr that it was seldom attempted. From 1899 nor ascents were made until 1912, when two adventurous youths fastened ropes to the few remainingr pegs and attained the summit. Following this,r the dome was frequently climbed. In 1919 a public-spirited citizen of San Francisco donated ther money to build a first-class trail to the summit.r This was constructed under the auspices of ther Sierra Club, and the once perilous ascent finallyr made safe to all.r

r The round trip to the summit is one of the mostr thrilling and scenic one-day Yosemite excursions.r r r Parties should start early and carry canteens.r From Happy Isles the main Glacier Point Trailr (Trail Trip 1) should be followed (take ther Mist Trail if walking) to the top of the Nevada Fallsr zigzags. Here we turn left and follow ther Clouds Rest Trail (Trail Trip 5). A climb ofr 800 feet above the Little Yosemite Valley takesr us to a small stream. About 200 yards further, inr a fine grove of Jeffrey pine and incense cedar, ther Clouds Rest Trail bears to the right along a bench,r while our trail climbs the long switchbacks to ther left. The remaining 500-foot climb is thru denser forest. Anderson’s old trail crosses our route inr one place and zigzags up the hillside about ar quarter mile eastward. Just below the ridge andr about 200 yards to the right of the trail is a springr near the big pile of stones, which are the only relicsr of Captain Anderson’s camp. Canteens shouldr be filled here, as no water will be found higher. Ar short climb takes us to the crest of the ridge at ther lowest point between Quarter Domes (Alt. 8276r and 8160) at the northeast and Half Dome at ther southwest.r

r At the ridge top is a forest of lodgepole pine andr a sudden transition to pure fir as we cross to ther northwestern slope where the climate is morer severe. Climbing beneath these firs we suddenlyr emerge at the crest and obtain a wide view of ther High Sierra on one side and the depths of Tenaya Canyonr on the other. A few minutes’ walk alongr the open ridge takes us to the rustic entrancer which marks the beginning of the foot trail. Ther pile of timbers and boards nearby were hewn andr split by Captain Anderson to be used for his Halfr Dome Hotel. The foot-trail now climbs abruptlyr 250 feet by short zigzags and stairs tor “The Saddle,” along the crest of which we continue tor the base of the final ascent.r

r If tennis shoes are to be used they should be putr on at this point. The tool-box nearby containsr ropes and safety belts for the use of the public, butr the ascent is perfectly safe without them.r

r From here an 800-foot double cable railing withr iron posts every ten feet leads to the top. On ther steep slopes are footholds, and at one place a fifty-foot ladder carries us over the most dangerousr part of the ascent. Turning to the right at the topr of the cableway we follow the monuments acrossr the surprisingly flat summit to the brink of ther great northeast face, where we find an overhanging shelf of granite. The panorama at allr sides is inexpressibly grand, but some of the valleyr features suffer by being dwarfed in the great distances below.r

r The descent should be started not later thanr 3 to 4 p. m. in order to reach Yosemite before dark.r

r TRAIL TRIP 15r
r YOSEMITE TO GLACIER POINT via THEr LEDGE TRAILr

r (2.5 miles. Average 4 hours climb)r

r Next to Half Dome, the Ledge Trail is ther most thrilling of Yosemite climbs. The ascentr was formerly quite dangerous, but in 1918 a safer foot-trail was constructed. The record ascent isr fifty-three minutes, but this is a steep, hard, 3200-foot climb and will take the average individualr three to five hours.r

r The trail starts from the Happy Isles Road,r turning southward just east of the new Le Conte Lodge.r It climbs the talus slope above Camp Curryr and turns westward up a steep ledge. Asr the trail mounts to view-commanding heightsr there are many unusual and impressive glimpsesr r r into the depths below. Reaching a steep canyon,r the trail turns sharply to the left and climbs besider a small creek. The water is polluted andr to drink it is dangerous. Near the top, the trailr gradually becomes less and less steep and finallyr crosses the canyon rim only a few feet distantr from Glacier Point and the Overhanging Rock.r Glacier Point Hotel is about 200 yards southward.r

r TRAIL TRIP 16r
r GLACIER POINT TO SENTINELr DOMEr

r (Round trip, 2 miles in 2 hours)r

r The short excursion from Glacier Point to ther summit of Sentinel Dome is well worth while.r The round trip can easily be made afoot in twor hours and many hikers include it in their “Glacierr Point” day.r

r From the hotel we follow the Chinquapin Roadr about a quarter of a mile. Just beyond ar spring at the left of the road, the trail turns to ther right and climbs abruptly beneath the firs andr pines. Gradually the forest becomes more openr and park-like, and the firs are replaced by hardyr Jeffrey pines. During the last quarter mile of ther ascent we pass over weathered granite which hasr exfoliated in slabs near the top. At the roundedr summit is a gnarled and wind-blown Jeffrey pine—probablyr the most photographed tree in ther park. To the east is an exceptionally fine panorama of the High Sierra.r

r In returning to Glacier Point we follow the trailr to the south, intersecting the road about 300 yardsr away. Here we turn left, noting the soft decomposing granite which seems particularly susceptible to weather conditions. The distance beyondr to the hotel is one and a half miles.r

r TRAIL TRIP 17r
r GLACIER POINT TO FORT MONROE viar POHONO TRAILr
r Reverse of Trail Trip 18r

r (11.7 miles—5 hours. Round trip from Yosemite, 21 miles—13 hours)r

r This is one of the most beautiful Yosemiter trails. With very little climbing the trail parallelsr the south rim thru delightfully attractive forestsr and wild-flower gardens, emerging from time tor time to reveal vast views across and into ther valley. The round trip from Yosemite to Glacierr Point and thence to Fort Monroe via the Pohonor Trail, returning to the valley via the Wawonar Road is too long a trip to be attempted by ther average walker in one day. It is best to stay overr night at the Glacier Point Hotel, starting earlyr the next morning.r

r Leaving the Glacier Point Hotel we followr the road southwestward about two miles,r turning to the right at the Pohono Trail sign.r We now follow thru a dense fir forest for one mile,r emerging at the canyon rim at The Fissures.r These are great cracks only a few feet wide andr hundreds of feet deep. Just beyond is Taft Pointr (Alt. 7503). From here is a wonderful view.r especially of the sheer 3500-foot precipices ofr El Capitan and Three Brothers rising as massiver buttresses of the great north wall.r

r Swinging south along the rim for a short distance,r the trail again turns westward thru the firr forests passing beautiful small meadows and wildflower gardens and descending tor Bridalveil Creek.r The bridge has been destroyed but a foot-log is in place. There is fair fishing in this streamr but the fish are small. Bearing west and north andr r r climbing slightly, the trail emerges at Dewey Pointr (Alt. 7316), another of the promontories of ther south rim. From here the Cathedral Rocks andr Leaning Tower are viewed from an unusual angle,r and El Capitan and Ribbon Falls dominate ther opposite wall. Following the rim westward aboutr half a mile we reach Crocker Point (Alt. 7090),r from which is obtained another vast outlook. Descendingr 430 feet thru the forest we cross a smallr stream and emerge at Stanford Point (Alt. 6659),r another prominent lookout on the southern ramparts.r About half a mile westward one seesr Old Inspiration Point, from which Yosemite wasr first seen by white men on March 21, 1851. Retracingr our path a short distance, we turn to ther right and cross Meadow Brook. which flows overr Widow’s Tears a quarter mile below. Ther vicinity is a Mecca for flower lovers. The trailr continues westward, dropping 1400 feet in ther next one and a half miles to Fort Monroe (Alt.r 5540), an old stage relay station on the Wawona Road.r Yosemite is eight miles eastward by thisr road.r

r TRAIL TRIP 18r
r FORT MONROE TO GLACIER POINT viar POHONO TRAILr
r Reverse of Trail Trip 17r

r (11.7 miles—5 hours. Round trip from Yosemite, 24 miles—13 hours)r

r The Pohono Trail trip is one of the most beautiful of Yosemite excursions. Striking eastwardr from Fort Monroe on the Wawona Road, it traverses a delightful wooded country in which arer some of the finest wild-flower gardens of the park.r From time to time it emerges at the rugged ramparts of the south wall and affords many vastr r r panoramas. The round trip from Yosemite tor Fort Monroe via Pohono Trail and return to ther valley via the Short Trail is too long to be attempted by the average walker in one day. Evenr the trip to Glacier Point by this route is a longr one, and it is suggested that the itinerary outlinedr in Trail Trip 17 be followed in preference. Atr Fort Monroe, an old stage relay station on ther Wawona Road, is a fairly good auto camp. Fromr here one may visit all the lookout points on ther south rim by an easy one-day walk, or may continue to the Glacier Point Hotel (11.7 miles), returning the next day.r

r The Pohono Trail turns eastward from ther Wawona Road at Fort Monroe, eight miles distant from Yosemite. In the long steady climb ofr 1400 feet in the first two miles we cross two smallr mountain streams and near the top of the ascentr pass about a quarter mile south of Old Inspiration Point (Alt. 6603), from which Yosemite wasr first seen by white men on March 21, 1851. Ther gently sloping trail now winds beneath the firsr thru most luxurious gardens of wild flowers.r Shortly we cross Meadow Brook which, a quarterr mile below, plunges over Widow’s Tears.r Trending northward about half a mile we nowr emerge at Stanford Point (Alt. 6659), one of ther promontories of the south rim. From here, asr from all other lookouts along the top of the greatr south wall, is a vast panorama. Retracing our pathr a short distance we turn to the left, cross anotherr small brook, and climb 350 feet in the next halfr mile to Crocker Point (Alt. 7090). Closelyr paralleling the rim for another half mile we haltr at Dewey Point (Alt. 7316), the imposing apex ofr one of the great granite buttresses. Cathedral Rocksr and the Leaning Tower are here viewedr from an unusual angle. To the northward El Capitanr r r dominates the north wall and Ribbon Fallsr is most advantageously seen.r

r A long detour to the southeast now takes us intor the Bridalveil Creek Basin. The trail bridger has been destroyed, but a foot-log is in place.r Fishing is fair, but the trout are small. Turningr again eastward we continue thru the fir forests,r passing beautiful small meadows and wild-flowerr gardens until we again approach the canyon rim,r which we follow northward for a short distancer to The Fissures. These are great cracks only ar few feet wide and hundreds of feet deep. Justr beyond is Taft Point (Alt. 7503). From here isr a wonderfully vast view, especially of the sheerr 3500-foot precipices of El Capitan and Three Brothersr on the north wall. Following eastwardr along Profile Cliff, our trail again enters the firr and lodgepole pine forest and leads across ther gently sloping plateau about one mile to ther Glacier Point Road. We here turn left and anr easy walk of two miles takes us to the Glacier Point Hotel,r where excellent accommodationsr will be found. The lookout point and overhanging rock are about 200 yards northward. Forr trail trips from Glacier Point consult Trail Tripsr 16 to 23.r

r TRAIL TRIP 19r
r GLACIER POINT TO WAWONA via ALDERr CREEK TRAILr

r (20.5 miles—7 hours)r

r This is one of the oldest trails in the region andr was the main thorofare to Yosemite prior to ther construction of roads. The “old timers” like tor tell of the famous hostelries along the route—Clark’s,r Westfall’s, Peregoy’s and McCauley’s—whichr have long since ceased to be. The trail isr r r not of great importance from the scenic standpoint, but offers a shortcut between its termini.r Throughout most of its course it is maintained inr good condition.r

r From Glacier Point we follow the road southwestward about two and a half miles. A shortr distance beyond the Pohono Trail turn-off, ourr trail branches to the right and enters the fir andr pine forest. In the next four miles we first climbr over a low spur and then descend into the basinr of Bridalveil Creek, where we cross the Glacier Point Roadr at Peregoy Meadow. This is a goodr camping place and forage is abundant. Fishingr in Bridalveil Creek is rather poor near the road.r Bearing southward, our trail emerges in one miler at Westfall Meadow, another good campsite.r Passing across an almost imperceptible divider we cross the headwaters of Alder Creek andr follow along the west side of its canyon thrur a beautiful forest of western yellow pine, sugarr pine, fir and cedar, part of which has lately beenr logged. About three and a half miles below Westfall Meadowr is Empire Meadows, where feed isr abundant and campsites good. Fishing is fairr but the trout are small. The nearest campsiter downstream is at the creek crossing three milesr further. Here there is a fair camping place butr forage is scarce.r

r From this crossing Wawona is about six and ar half miles distant. Rising a short distance abover the stream, the trail follows the 5500-foot levelr detouring around the west flank of a well-woodedr mountain. About three miles from the crossing,r a trail to the right descends to Alder Creek Ranger Stationr on the Wawona Road aboutr one mile distant. We now continue around ther mountain, gradually bearing to the southeast.r The trail in the last two miles is rather rough andr r r zigzags abruptly down to the main road, whichr it intersects a short distance from Wawona Bridge.r The hotel, store and postoffice are justr beyond.r

r TRAIL TRIP 20r
r GLACIER POINT TO OSTRANDER LAKEr

r (13.5 miles—5 hours)r

r At the very source of Bridalveil Creek and onlyr five hours’ easy walk from Glacier Point lies ther picturesque Ostrander Lake, famous since ther early days for its splendid fishing. The roundr trip from Glacier Point Hotel (twenty-seven miles)r may be made in one day by good hikers, but it isr far better to camp at the lake at least one nightr in order to be there for the best fishing. Motorists,r by parking machines at the trail junction six milesr southwest of Glacier Point on the Chinquapinr Road, can easily make the round trip (fifteenr miles) in one day.r

r From Glacier Point we follow the Chinquapin Roadr about six miles to the point wherer a sign indicates the Buck Camp and Ostrander Lake Trailr turning to the left. This trail bearsr south, crossing a small tributary to Bridalveil Creek,r then continues through the open lodgepoler pine forest and crosses the main stream about twor miles from the road. A short distance beyond,r the Buck Camp Trail (Trail Trip 21) continuesr up the south branch of the creek. Our trail turnsr abruptly to the east (left) and again crosses ther main stream, following up the northeast bank. Inr the first two miles the trail is good, but the remainingr three miles are somewhat rough and steep.r

r Ostrander Lake (Alt. 8600) is beautifully setr in a glacial amphitheater on the north side ofr Horse Ridge (Alt. 9600), which towers 1000 feetr r r above. It is shallow on the north and west sidesr but deep under the bluffs, where are generallyr deep snowbanks. The lake was stocked with rainbow trout in 1892, 1893, 1899 and 1911, and withr eastern brook trout in 1893 and 1899. Fishing isr excellent.r

r Buena Vista Lake (see Trail Trip 22) is aboutr four miles distant and may be reached by walkingr southeast about two miles through open forest (nor trail) on the north slope of Horse Ridge and joiningr the Buena Vista Trail in Buena Vista Canyon.r Here we may turn south up the canyon, atr the head of which is Buena Vista Lake.r

r TRAIL TRIP 21r
r GLACIER POINT TO CHILNUALNA FALLSr OR JOHNSON LAKE via THE BUCKr CAMP TRAILr

r (15.5 miles—6 hours)r

r The old Buck Camp Trail connects Yosemiter with the favorite hunting grounds of the Chowchilla Tribe.r It traverses a beautifully woodedr country but offers no startling scenic effects.r

r From Glacier Point we follow the road southwestwardr about six miles to a junction, where ourr trail branches to the left. Bearing southward wer cross a small stream and traverse a rather flatr lodgepole pine forest, finally fording Bridalveil Creek.r Just beyond, and at a distance of aboutr two miles from the road, the Ostrander Lake Trailr (Trail Trip 20) turns to the left. We continue southward, crossing a tributary of Bridalveil Creek and gradually mounting the slope beyond. As the trail turns southeast along the flatr ridge, the wooded canyon of Alder Creek is seenr to the west. Two miles further on an almost imperceptible pass is traversed. Just beyond is ther r r source of one of the northern tributaries to Chilnualna Creek.r This we follow for about twor miles to the main stream, where are good campsitesr and abundant forage. Fishing is fair but ther trout are small. One mile further is the mainr Chilnualna Falls Trail. Westward one and ar half miles is the Chilnualna Ranger Station,r with good campsites in the vicinity, and a halfr mile further is the top of Chilnualna Falls. Ther trail eastward leads to Grouse Lake (two miles),r Crescent Lake (three and a half miles) andr Johnson Lake (four and a half miles).r

r TRAIL TRIP 22r
r GLACIER POINT TO JOHNSON LAKE viar THE BUENA VISTA TRAILr

r (16 miles—7 hours)r

r This is a good new trail and is the most directr route between Glacier Point and the excellentr fishing lakes of the southern part of the park. Ther one-way trip is an easy day’s journey fromr Glacier Point. For those walking from Yosemiter there are good campsites and excellent fishingr en route at Buena Vista and Royal Arch Lakes.r

r From Glacier Point we follow the main Vernal-Nevada Falls Trailr about two miles. Justr east of Illilouette Ridge we take the right branchr and continue southeastward up the canyon of ther Illilouette. About three miles takes us to anotherr trail junction. To the west is Mono Meadow,r about one and a half miles distant, and to ther northeast, crossing Illilouette Creek, are ther Merced Pass Trail (Trail Trip 23) and the cut-offr trail to the rim of Panorama Cliff.r

r Our trail continues up Illilouette Creek,r finally crossing a low “hog back” and turningr south up Buena Vista Creek. In a glacialr r r cirque at its head is Buena Vista Lake (Alt.r 9200). The south, or upper side is backed by ar rugged rock bluff from which huge boulders haver fallen into the water, making an excellent placer from which to fish. The lake was stocked withr eastern brook trout in 1892, 1908 and 1919, andr with rainbow trout in 1892. It is one of the park’sr best and most accessible fishing lakes. Surrounded by open parks of timber, it offers manyr beautiful campsites, especially near the outlet.r Forage is fair downstream from the lake but isr rather scarce early in the season. Ostrander Laker is four miles northeast and can be reached by foot.r There are no blazes or monuments to mark ther route.r

r Our trail now mounts abruptly 400 feet tor Buena Vista Pass (Alt. 9600). To the rightr about half a mile is Buena Vista Peak (Alt. 9600),r and to the left and running east is Buena Vista Crest.r Excellent views are obtained from the trailr as it crosses the open ridge. Near the summitr the granite has fractured perpendicularly, forming regular rectangular slabs.r

r An 800-foot descent thru the open forest in ther next two miles takes us to the picturesque littler Royal Arch Lake (Alt. 8800). This is a smallr lake, deep on the north and east sides, and shallowr near the southwest margin. It is named from ther arches in the steep northeast granite wall, whichr are similar to the Royal Arches of Yosemiter Valley but on a smaller scale. The lake was wellr stocked with eastern brook trout in 1897 andr fishing is excellent, especially in the deep waterr along the rocky northwest shore. There are finer campsites here and good horse-feed.r

r Skirting the west margin of the lake our trailr follows the small stream about one mile to ther main Chilnualna Trail. Eastward is Buck Campr r r (two miles), Moraine Meadows (sevenr miles), and Fernandez Pass (eleven miles). Wer turn westward to Johnson Lake (Alt. 8550),r about a quarter mile distant. This is a small, round,r deep lake beautifully set in meadows and forest.r It is bountifully stocked with eastern brook troutr and rainbow trout. The locality is ideal for camping.r Further westward are Crescent Lake (oner mile), Grouse Lake (two and a half miles), andr Chilnualna Falls (six and a half miles).r

r TRAIL TRIP 23r
r YOSEMITE OR GLACIER POINT TO MORAINE MEADOWS via THE MERCEDr PASS TRAILr

r (From Yosemite, 22 miles—10 hours. From Glacier Point,r 18 miles—7 hours)r

r The Merced Pass Trail has been replaced to ar large extent by the more scenic and better builtr Buena Vista Trail, which offers a short-cut to ther splendid fishing lakes in the upper basin of ther South Fork of the Merced. For those whoser destination is the wild country at the headwatersr of the San Joaquin River, the Merced Pass Trailr is still the preferable route. The upper basin ofr Illilouette Creek abounds in glacial phenomenar and fishing is reported good.r

r From Yosemite we follow the Vernal and Nevada Falls Trailr (Trail Trip 1) as far as the rimr of Panorama Cliff just above Nevada Falls.r Here we turn to the right on the Mono Meadowr Trail, which bears due south four miles to ther main stream of Illilouette Creek. To reach thisr point from Glacier Point one should follow ther Vernal-Nevada Falls Trail (Trail Trip 2) forr two miles, turn to the right on the Buena Vista Trailr (Trail Trip 22), and after three miles morer r r turn to the left on the Mono Meadow Trail. Ar short distance will take one to the banks ofr Illilouette Creek.r

r At this point—twelve miles from Yosemite andr five and a half miles from Glacier Point—ther Merced Pass Trail turns eastward, following for tenr miles up the main stream of the Illilouette andr keeping always within a short distance of itsr north bank. Gradually ascending to an elevationr of 9295 feet, we traverse Merced Pass. To ther right is the long ridge of Buena Vista Crestr (Alt. 9712). A descent of 600 feet in the next twor miles takes us to Moraine Meadows. This is ar splendid camping region with abundant horse-feedr and good fishing. Nearby will be found a summerr ranger outpost. A trail to the east leads tor Fernandez Pass and the headwaters of ther San Joaquin; one to the southeast to Chain o’ Lakes,r where is most excellent fishing; and one to ther west to Royal Arch, Johnson, Crescent andr Grouse Lakes and Chilnualna Falls.r

r TRAIL TRIP 24r
r WAWONA ROAD TO EL PORTAL via THEr SUNSET TRAILr

r (4 miles—1 1/2 hours)r

r This is a cut-off trail widely used by the Parkr Rangers in their winter patrols but seldom used byr the public.r

r Starting from the Wawona Road one and a halfr miles northwest of Chinquapin, the trail runsr down the ridge on the north side of Indian Creek.r Swinging to the north, the trail passes just westr of Lookout Point, from which is a fine view downr the canyon of the Merced. Bearing to the right,r it descends to Avalanche Creek, where it passesr just below Cougar Falls. The trail then zigzagsr r r down the canyon wall to the midwinter rangerr station and trail bridge across the Merced River,r joining the El Portal Road, about three milesr above El Portal.r

r TRAIL TRIP 25r
r WAWONA ROAD TO EL PORTAL via THEr HENNESSY TRAILr

r (10 miles—4 hours)r

r The Hennessy Trail is no longer used by ther public since the bridge across the Merced at itsr lower end was washed away in 1917. Use ther Sunset Trail (Trail Trip 24).r

r  r

r SUNSET PUBLISHING HOUSE, SAN FRANCISCOr

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Guide to Yosemite (1920) by Ansel F. Hall

MAP OF YOSEMITE VALLEY AND ADJACENT REGION

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Guide to Yosemite (1920) by Ansel F. Hall

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• Title page
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• Introductionr
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  • Aeroplane View of Yosemite Valleyr
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• Contents
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• The Yosemite Region
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• Yosemite Valley
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• Yosemite Villager
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  • Map of Yosemite Villager
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• Yosemite Roads
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• Yosemite Trails
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• Map of Yosemite Valley and Adjacent Region
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About the Author

r See biographical sketch about Ansel F. Hall.r

Bibliographical Information

r Hall, Ansel Franklin (1894-1962)r Guide to Yosemite: a handbook of the trails and roads of Yosemite valley and the adjacent regionr (San Francisco: Sunset Publishing House, 1920).r Copyright 1920 by Ansel F. Hall.r LCCN 20014451.r 98 pages. Maps. 16 cm. Bound in brown paper wrappers.r Library of Congress call number F868.Y6 H17.r

r Converted to HTML by Dan Anderson, August 2009,r from a copy owned and scanned by Scott Tipton.r These files may be used for any non-commercial purpose,r provided this notice is left intact.r
r     —Dan Anderson, www.yosemite.ca.usr

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