Genevieve, regarding your question on permits: I recently made my first trip to Yosemite with help from this forum, and I will say that the logistics can seem overwhelming. I'm even considering writing a "primer" for first-timers on getting a permit, where the backpackers' camp in the valley is, where to park, etc.
My steps for securing a permit in advance would be:
1. Determine your planned route which will determine your entry and exit trailheads. Trailheads:
https://www.nps.gov/yose/planyourvisit/ ... lheads.pdf2. Determine the start and end date of your hike: first, you need to determine the day and time that you will arrive in Yosemite:
2.a) If you are arriving after 10am, you will either need to start your hike the next day or call the office to hold your permit for late arrival. After 10am, the permits are canceled and released to walk-ups unless you call. At 4:30pm, the office closes for the day. You are allowed to stay in a backpackers' campground the night before you pick up your permit (
https://www.nps.gov/yose/planyourvisit/bpcamp.htm)
2.b) If you are arriving before 10am, you can pick up your permit at 8:30am and start your hike the same day the same day that you arrive.
3. Now you know your entry and exit trailheads, as well was what day your hike will start and end. Fill out the reservation form online and print it out:
https://www.nps.gov/yose/planyourvisit/ ... itform.pdf4. Determine the day that you need to fax in your reservation form based on your anticipated start date (do not ask me why the system is based on a fax machine, I don't know):
https://www.nps.gov/yose/planyourvisit/ ... tdates.htm5. Based on step #4, fax in your form on the appropriate day (about one month from now for an early May hike). You should know within 24 hours if you got your permit, or not, by e-mail. Celebrate or cry, depending.
6. When you pick up your permit at the Wilderness Office, you can try to change it. I changed my permit when I picked it up, and the rangers were very accommodating and helpful. I was not charged any additional fee for that.
Good luck!